development

For the parents, it is really amazing feeling to see their baby grow and achieve all the developmental milestones, specified by its age. Developmental milestones refer to the skills, behaviors, tasks, and body movements that a baby can perform by a certain age. These are used to keep track of a baby’s proper development for its age.  Sometimes there can be slight variations in age groups by which the babies reach to a certain developmental milestone, which can be different from a specified age group. So, a certain developmental delay in a baby is usually nothing to worry about because the babies sometimes learn and develop at their own pace too.   Achieving a developmental milestone actually depends upon certain factors such as  How the parents interact and respond to their baby’s needs or how they provide the baby, the needed sense of security, attention, and comfort, which is significant in their social and cognitive or intellectual development. The physical and social environment around the baby. There are many aspects involved in it like the proper access to clean air, water, and food, health care facilities, stress, and toxic-free surroundings which will allow them to explore and play without any fear and healthy interactions and relationships with other people.  Genetics can also influence a baby’s developmental pace to an extent as genetic disorders, (health problems or diseases caused by changes in the structure of a gene) can cause slow mental and physical development. Developmental Milestones: Know the various aspects Developmental milestones can be grouped into the following Gross motor skills: which involves the large body movements or control of large muscle groups to perform the tasks like running, walking siting etc. Fine motor skills: which involve the small body movements or small muscle groups to perform holding and picking an object. Language skills: which involves the ability to use and understand certain sounds and words for communication. Social skills: This refers to the ability of a baby to learn, understand and interact with the other people. Vision and hearing: which involves the ability to see and hear and to understand it.  Developmental delay: when to see medical and professional help Not all babies achieve the specified developmental milestone at a given age group and it's completely alright as these can be for a short period of time, but if it prevails over several months, the parents should consider seeing a doctor or pediatrician. There are some physical and social signs such as vision and hearing problems, body movements and coordination problems, constant crying, and if the baby is not responding to the people around it.

Relationships that are formed by a child in the early years, play one of the most significant characters in its learning and all-around development process and it will further determine how a child will perceive the world around it in the future. Playing is also an important medium through which a child can learn and develop crucial skills in an interesting and fun way.  Relationship for the child development: benefits and strong bonding A baby forms its very first relationship with its parents or caregiver since birth. The way the parents respond to or interact with their babies plays a huge impact on their development. For example, a baby uses certain signals to show that they need attention like crying, holding out their arms or laughing, or cooing when making eye contact. When parents respond back in a warm, loving, and gentle way, it provides them a sense of comfort and security and at the same time, strengthens the bond between the parents and their baby. Forming a relationship, not only enables emotional and intellectual development but also helps in building confidence and self-esteem in a child from an early age, which will allow them to explore more of the surrounding world all while gaining new knowledge and experiences. It will also boost the social skills of a child, effectively helping them in communicating, behaving, and expressing themselves and forming meaningful friendships and bonds with the other family members, friends, and teachers.  As a baby observes and imitates everything around them, so it is important for the parents to check how they interact and behave with their partner, relatives, and other family members.  If the child from an early age will be exposed to the loving and respectful relationships around them, they will also learn to form relationships of the same nature with others in the future. Playing: creative and fun medium for child’s development Play is proven to be one of the interesting, fun, and effective way through which physical, mental and social skills development takes place in a child during its early years. It also offers a golden opportunity for the parents to spend more time with their children, thus, strengthening their bond and making them feel worthy.  Playing also allows the children to boost their imagination, decision making and problem-solving skills, which will help them significantly in their careers and life. Playing also teaches team corporation and how to peacefully resolve the conflicts, which will enable the child to socialize with other children and make friends.

Newborns are extremely vulnerable and must be looked after very carefully. They learn, grow and attain development milestones though relationships with their parents and family members and constant daily play. Developmental milestones can be a great way to track changes in them as they learn to feel, see, hear, smell, move, perceive, observe, communicate and interact with others. Baby development in the first twelve months is amazing. Through warn and responsive interactions with you and other care takers as well as play, they learn to think, act, communicate, express their thoughts and emotions etc. Achievements can also be referred to as milestones. Growth and developmental milestones are a useful tracking device to monitor your baby’s development. Developmental milestones can be: Large body movements which involves coordination and control of large muscles. It includes skills such as walking, running, crawling, standing and sitting. Small body movements which involves coordination and control of small muscles. It includes skills such as holding a bat or picking up a toy. Speech and language which is the ability to make them understand the sounds that form words and maybe the meaning of a few and teaching them few basic sounds for expressing their feelings and emotions. Vision which is the ability to see, observe and perceive stuff near or far from us and understand and make out what we are seeing. Hearing is the ability to hear and understand what is being told and the sounds that form the words. Social behavior and understanding is the ability to interact with others and learn from them in every way possible and later implement it when the time is right. It includes skills for playing, connecting and chatting with others. DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY It is not rare that some babies have a delay in their development, but the real thing is that it is hard to predict whether they are temporary short-term delays or permanent. The chances of permanent delays are very low. Babies’ development can also be hampered due to environmental conditions. For example, if a baby does not receive a warm and a responsive environment, they may be unable to pick up on things which other babies can in a responsive environment. Premature birth or some illness and injury can affect brain development and they can also be the cause of developmental delays. WHEN TO SEEK HELP FOR DEVELOPMENT If you are observing some delays in different areas or if your baby shows signs of losing his skills over several months, it is advised to seek professional help as soon as possible. Here are some signs that you can look out for: Physical Signs Your baby: Has difficulty in noticing and seeing things properly around them Has difficulty in hearing sounds and voices properly Can’t seem to hold their head up after they are 3-4 months old Can’t seem to sit properly by 10 months Does not want or has problems with standing up and straight, even with support, by the time they are about a year old Behavior Signs Your baby: Has an unusual cry – for example, a high-pitched sound more like a squeal Is persistently crying for longer periods than usual especially after 3-4 months old Social, Emotional and Communication Signs Your baby: Does not look at their parents or caretakers  Has difficulty in recognizing sounds or more so, not at all respond to them Is not at all interest in what is going on in their surrounding Does not start murmuring or babbling by 8-9 months or is using fewer than 4-5 words y around 18 months. Play is the most important activity that will help in their learning and boost their development. Encourage them to play or fidget with something constantly so that they can grow at a steady pace. To ensure this, try to spend as much time as possible with your child and try to communicate with them.  Newborns are especially possessive. They want someone to be constantly by their side and not some stranger, but some they see every day. They will want to cling to you often. It is very natural and by doing this, you can be sure of the fact that they are indeed developing.  Soon you will find that they have recognized that there is a name that is specially designated to them and will respond every time when you call it out. Every child has their own pace of development. Comparing to other newborns won’t do any good., neither will the thought of why are they developing so slowly.  Some children learn to speak fast, even by 5-6 months they can communicate with small words, while some learn to crawl by that time. Some develop these abilities maybe after 8 months but that is not something to go on worrying about. Patience and remaining calm is the key, but if you are feeling too anxious about their development, you can seek the help of child growth charts to track their constant progress.

Development is how your child grows physically, mentally and emotionally and learns to communicate, think and socialise. Children’s early experiences and relationships in their first five years are most critical for their development. In the early years, your child’s main method for development and learning was through constant play. Other factors which influences development are genes, nutrition, physical activity, health and community. The term ‘development’ means changes in your child’s physical, emotional, social growth along with growth of communication, behaviour and thinking skills. All of these areas of development are linked to each other and also depends on the influence of others. In the first five years of life, experiences and relationships stimulate children’s development. In fact, studies have shown that a child’s brain develops connections faster in the first five years than any other time in their entire life. Millions of connections are created in their brain at this age. This is the perfect time for laying down the foundations for learning, health and behaviour that will last with them for the rest of their lives. Babies are born ready to learn, and their brains develop through usage. Stimulating and caring environments with lots of activities to participate in, give children plenty of ways to play, interact, develop and learn and numerus changes for them to practise what they have learnt. RELATIONSHIPS It is the foundation of child’s development. Children’s relationships affect all areas and stages of their development. Through their relationships, children learn vital information about the world they are living in. For example, your child learns whether they are loved, whether the world they are a part of is safe and secure, who cares for them, is it okay to laugh or cry and much more. An important part of their development is noticing others’ relationships and behaviour, for instance how you treat or behave with your family members and those elder to you. This learning is the basis for your child’s development in communication, behaviour, social and other skills. Your child’s relationship with you is one of the most important and the most important at that age. Relationships with other family members, carers including early childhood educators and other children are also very important for their proper development. PLAY In the early years, playing is a child’s main way of learning and developing. Play is fun for them. It is provides ample opportunities for them to explore, observe, experiment and solve problems. It is essential for them to receive your support, encouragement and guidance to do this.  But it is also important to aim for a balance between supporting your child and letting your child tr stuff on their own and sometimes make mistakes. Finding out for themselves about how the world works is a big part of your child’s learning. Lots of time spent playing, talking, listening, observing and interacting with you helps your child develops some important life skills. These skills include communicating, thinking, solving problems, rectifying mistakes, moving and being with other people and children. Play is a great relationship builder. Playing with our child makes them understand a very important message that is you are very important to them. This message helps them learn who they are and where do they fit in this world. OTHER FACTORS Your child’s genes and other factors like healthy eating, physical activity, health and neighbourhood you live in also influence your child’s development and wellbeing. Healthy Eating Healthy food provides your child with energy and nutrients that is essential for their growth and development. It also helps them develop a sense of taste. Healthy family food and eating patterns in the early years can set up healthy eating habits for life. Physical Activity Being active physically is vital to your child’s health. It gets your child moving, develops motor skills, helps your child think and gives your child an opportunity to explore their world. So, it is important for your child to receive plenty of opportunities for active play, both inside and outside. HealthMinor childhood illnesses like colds, ear aches and gastroenteritis generally won’t have any long-term effects on development. But disability, developmental delay and chronic or long-term conditions can affect development. Health and disability professionals can help you understand your child’s condition and how it affects development. Neighbourhood and Local Community Your child’s development is primarily supported by positive relationships with you, other family members and carers. It is also a fact that relationships with friends and neighbours and access to playgrounds, parks, shops and local services like play groups, kindergartens, child care centres, schools, health care and libraries. DEVELOPMENT DIFFERENCES In general, development happens in the same order in most children, but skills might develop at different ages or times. For example, children usually learn to stand, and then they learn to walk. But this development can happen any time between 8 and 18 months. So, if you’re wondering whether your child’s development is on track, just remember that development happens over time. Differences among children are usually nothing to worry about.

Pre-teens and teenagers go through many emotional, physical, social and cognitive changes. Your help and support is essential for them to handle the changes and develop well in adolescence. Children tend to over react and become stressed about every small detail that was not upto their standards. During adolescence, their bodies, emotions and ideas about themselves develop and change at different speeds and times. There is nothing to worry if your child goes through some changes earlier or later than people of the same age as them. Each child develops at their own pace. PHYSICAL CHANGES All the physical changes in the human body at this age is a result of the start of puberty. Puberty is the time when your child goes through a series of significant natural and healthy changes which includes physical, emotional and social changes. During this period, the pituitary gland releases hormones that influences a girls’ ovaries and boys’ testes.  It is characterized by growth of hair in certain regions of the body, voice break, growth spurt, self-consciousness and mood swings in both boys and girls. It usually happens around 10-11 years for girls and around 11-12 years for boys. But its normal for the start of puberty to range from 9-13 years for girls and 10-14 years for boys. EMOTIONAL CHANGES Pre-teens and teenagers often feel strong and sometimes overwhelming emotions like shame and humiliation. they might know the words to express such kinds of emotions but still fail to recognize them when they are upset.  Also, because of their brain development it is not always possible for pre-teens and teenagers to express such feelings and manage them like an adult would do. This is the reason why they need constant guidance and support of adult people and their parents to make them understand that these changes are normal and even they had gone through this phase when they were a teenager. SOCIAL CHANGES Young people are very busy and stressed about figuring out who they are and where do they fit in the world. As a part of this process, pre-teens and teenagers might try out new or different styles of clothing, music, art, martial arts, friend groups etc. This is a common age when children try to follow their role model and try to act like them. They might also want more independence and responsibility. So, you have an important role to play in shaping their character and helping them to realize their own identity and a sense of their place in the world. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY A great deal of development is due to the fact of pre-teens and teenagers seriously considering an activity. Every person at this age aspires to be a professional in their field. So, it is a great time to make them indulge in physical activity. It will not only strengthen them mentally and physically but also provide them a motive to continue pushing forward.  It will help them develop strong bones and muscles and maintain good posture. It reduces the risk of high blood pressure, anxiety, depression and type-2 diabetes and improves heart and lung health. For example, basketball may help them hand eye coordination and boost growth, swimming will help in increasing lung capacity and strengthening muscles and so on.  MENTAL ACTIVITY Mental activity is as important as physical activity. Along with physical development, brain needs to develop as well. Solving crosswords, puzzles, sudoku etc. may help in development. Playing games like chess and memory games can also boost their brain development and decision making.  Gaming can also help to relieve stress and increase brain development. Though most parents might reject the idea, it is proven that gamers have better hand-eye coordination, concentration spans, decision making and computer skills that non gamers.  Games does not only include blood, killing and gore but also there are games where you are put into situations that force you to generate survival instincts or face death. A split second of distraction can result to your defeat. Yoga is another way to achieve peace of mind and soul. Exercise and yoga might be the way to go for some people. The benefits are uncountable and there is nothing to lose. Deep and calm breathing can help in relieving your stress even in the most desperate of situations and help in making the correct decisions for yourself and your team. DIET A correct diet is necessary for the body to grow and work properly. At a growing age, body requires high amounts of protein, vitamins and minerals to develop properly. Consuming fruits daily along with green vegetables is a must. Protein sources can include chicken, seafood but refrain from red meat. Avoid caffeine intake and flavoured drinks, rather lean towards fresh fruit juices and milk which will actually benefit the body by strengthening bones.

One of the easiest to measure and least understood epidemiological factors is birthweight. The chance of death in the first year of life and, to a lesser extent, the risk of developmental issues in childhood and the risk of contracting various diseases as an adult are both highly correlated with a baby’s birth weight. Birthweight is frequently seen in epidemiological investigations as being on the causal chain leading to these health consequences. Birthweight is employed as both an intermediate health endpoint and an explanation for changes in newborn mortality and later morbidity under this causation assumption. The evidence put forth here implies that there might not be a causal relationship between birthweight and health consequences. Analysis techniques that rely on causality are at best unreliable and at worst prejudiced. In example, the concept of “low birthweight” is unhelpful and rarely supported. The birthweight distribution’s primary use is to calculate the percentage of small preterm births in a population (although even this requires special analytical methods). The relationships between birthweight and a variety of health outcomes may nevertheless reflect the functioning of biological mechanisms with significance for human health, despite the fact that the conventional approaches to birthweight are not well supported. What Should a Newborn Baby Weigh Normally? Male newborn babies typically weigh between 2.8 and 3.2 kg at birth in India. In contrast, a newborn female baby’s weight at delivery might range from 2.7 to 3.1 kg. The weight of the mother is frequently shown to have a significant impact on the weight of the newborn child. However, it is observed that many healthy newborns are delivered today, and they can weigh up to 3, 3.1, and 3.2 kg. What happens to a newborn baby’s weight in the first few days? If your kid is born weighing up to 3 kg, after 5-7 days the weight will drop to 2.9 kg. However, after 7-8 days, the weight progressively increases to 3kgs once more. On the other hand, be careful to see your paediatrician right away if your baby loses more than 10% of its weight in the first 5-7 days. For instance, if your infant weighs 3 kgs and subsequently drops to 2.7 kgs, this indicates that your baby is not receiving adequate nutrition. Make sure you look after your baby’s nursing. After 7–10 days, if your baby is gaining weight healthily, this is referred to as healthy weight increase. How to tell if your kid is healthy and growing well Your infant is healthy and gaining weight if he or she is urinating six to ten times each day. Don’t forget to ask your paediatrician about your baby’s weight and whether or not he or she has jaundice. Babies in India who lose weight fall into a different category. Your child will be considered a “low birth weight infant” if his or her weight at birth is less than 2.5 kg. However, your child would be classified as a very low birth weight baby if it weighs less than 1.5 kg. If your baby weighs less than 1 kg, however, they are classified as “very low birth weight newborns.”

Baby fitness tips  Although it may seem like your kid is always sleeping, she actually exercises hard each day. She works up her little muscles by kicking, kicking her legs, or wriggling while having her diaper changed. Additionally, her motor development is dependent on all that strength-building: To hold her head up, roll over, sit up, crawl, and eventually walk, she’ll require strong muscles. Additionally, being active leads to more sound sleep, less fussiness, and a contented baby who is eager to play and learn. Four Ways to Exercise a Baby Her front should be turned. Tummy time is enjoyable for both parents and babies, and it has been demonstrated to improve infants’ motor skills. Lend him your ear. Make sure your body is supporting him, then let him regain balance by using his own muscles. Elevate her tall. Place her high up on your shoulder so she can practise maintaining her balance by using her own power. Use things. For the time being, omit the kettlebells and instead use baby-safe toys to develop motor skills. Weight Training Along with developing baby’s hand-eye coordination, this activity also tones the hand, arm, and shoulder muscles. Once the infant is skilled at holding objects, begin this practise. Use the toe to ear manoeuvre. This activity, which focuses on the thigh and calf muscles of the baby, can aid in a later, more comfortable transition to walking. Execute the Wheelbarrow This activity is certain to be enjoyable for the baby. The wheelbarrow exercise is one of the best for baby head control since it works the entire body. Pull ups for baby It’s similar to adult sit-ups and great for strengthening baby’s back and core muscles. Here, you put in the arduous effort while your child enjoys themselves. Helping sit-ups A fantastic baby workout is the sit-up. Holding your child by the shoulders and asking them to stand will help. Gently lower the infant and then raise them back up. The infant will begin doing sit-ups. Wheelbarrow  Most infants find it to be an enjoyable exercise. Lay your infant on their stomach, put your hand on their back, and slowly lift the lower half of their body. To get your infant to balance their upper body on their arms and hands is the goal of this activity. Keep in mind to be nice and lay your child down on a soft surface, such a rug. Baby crunches Similar to the crunches that adults perform, but with your baby as the focus. Lay your infant on their back, take hold of their arms, and help them slowly sit up. Ensure that your infant has a straight back. Put them back down gently. Do this several times each day. Bicycling You may have observed numerous parents cycling their infants’ legs to treat colic, constipation, or gas. The joints, knees, hips, and abdominal muscles of your infant will all benefit greatly from this activity. Additionally, it makes the legs more flexible. Lay your infant on their back and gently raise and lower their legs in a motion similar to that of a bicycle. Typically, babies adore this activity, and you can have conversations with them by cooing and smiling. Some other Recommended exercises Here are some ideas for promoting and assisting your infant’s growth: Make a mobile and place it above their bed facing them. Check out how they respond to being touched by giving them various body strokes. Speak to them gently and use their name Play them music Sing to them Hold them a lot Let them look at your face as you talk to them Copy their little gestures Rock them.

Being born is a big and scary adventure for babies. At first they don’t know you’re there to feed and care for them – they just know when they’re comfortable and safe or not. But they start communicating from birth, giving you little signals when they’re tired or hungry or awake and alert. They are constantly learning, and the job of parents is to show them that the world is a welcoming place where their needs are met. Social and emotional development Even shy and sleepy babies are interested in your voice and face. A large part of the brain is devoted to understanding and remembering faces, and a large part of our social behaviour is based on how we “read” other people’s faces. Looking someone in the eye is a necessity to “fall in love,” so show your face to your baby and talk to him reassuringly right from the start. Don’t feel rejected when they turn away; Little babies often get tired when they interact. Newborns: Don’t understand what is happening to them or realize that they are a separate person I don’t know who feeds them or who helps them when they cry Crying when hungry or tired but not knowing they are being taken care of Cannot “cry for attention” or “get to the parents” – a newborn is incapable of consciously responding to you Can feel but not think Smile after five to seven weeks Laugh out loud after three months. Bodily development Common features are: Many babies under three months cry a lot, especially in the late afternoon or evening. (‘Wobbly’ babies are not a good way to help calm them down and can be very frightening or even painful for the baby, even if they stop crying. It’s very important not to shake a baby.) Your baby is bombarded by external stimuli (shapes, sounds, colours) and can easily feel overwhelmed. Speech and language The new-borns’ only mode of expression is wailing. In order for your baby to realise that you will be there for them, it is crucial to reply to them as quickly as you can. Speech characteristics include: They find their voice at seven to eight weeks and start to coo and make vowel sounds. Even at around eight weeks old, they will listen to what you say and then “speak” to you by making noises in response. Hearing and seeing  Newborns are able to hear and have been hearing sounds since long before birth. Because their eye muscles are still developing, newborns can see (especially up close), but they are unable to organise the images they perceive into meaningful shapes. Development characteristics include: For the first two months, they are attracted to bright lights, primary colors, stripes, dots, and patterns. The eyes usually move in unison after six weeks. The human face is the first “object” they recognize. In the first three months, they begin to recognize certain faces and other things (like their teddy bear) in their world. With their bodies Infants in the first eight weeks have no control over their movements and all of their physical activity is involuntary or reflex. They move their body while awake, but they don’t yet know how to move every part of their body, or even that all parts belong to them. Development characteristics include: Sucking, grasping, startling, and standing up are all reflexes. At about eight weeks, they begin training how to lift their head when lying on their stomach and kick their legs. By their third month, they will begin to observe their hands and feet swinging in the air and will also begin waving that fist towards your face or any other desired object.

Reflexes are uncontrollable actions or movements. There are certain unplanned movements that take place as part of the baby’s routine activities. Others are in response to certain behaviours. Reflexes are tested by medical professionals to gauge how well the brain and nervous system are functioning. Some reflexes only manifest during particular developmental stages. Some of the typical reflexes noticed in newborn newborns include the ones listed below: Grasp reflex Stroking a baby’s palm causes the baby to close his or her fingers in a grip. The grasping reflex lasts until the baby is about 5 to 6 months old. A similar reflex in the toes lasts up to 9-12 months. Kick reflex This reflex is also known as the walking or dancing reflex because a baby appears to be taking steps or dancing when held upright and their feet are touching a solid surface. This reflex lasts about 2 months. Root reflex This reflex begins when the corner of the baby’s mouth is stroked or touched. The baby will turn its head and open its mouth to follow the petting and root in that direction. This will help the baby find the breast or bottle to start feeding. This reflex lasts about 4 months. Sucking reflex Rooting helps the baby prepare for suckling. When the baby’s palate is touched, the baby begins to suckle. This reflex begins around the 32nd week of pregnancy and is not fully developed until around the 36th week of pregnancy. Premature babies may have weak or immature sucking ability for this reason. Because babies also have a hand-to-mouth reflex that accompanies rooting and sucking, they can suckle Moro reflex. Startle reflex is another name for the moro reflex. This is due to the fact that it frequently happens when a newborn is frightened by a loud noise or movement. The baby cries, throws back his or her head, opens up his or her arms and legs, and then draws the arms and legs back in response to the sound. This response can be set off by a baby’s own cry, which might frighten the infant. Up until the infant is roughly two months old, this impulse persists. Neck reflex tonic A baby’s arm spreads out when his or her head is tilted to one side, and the arm on the other side bends up at the elbow. The fencing position is another name for this. This reaction persists till the infant is between 5 and 7 months old.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental condition that causes differences in the  brain growth, development, and function. Related to attention, aggressive, behavior, and activity levels, including impulsivity and hyperactivity. ADHD can  cause delayed maturation and activity differences in certain parts  of the brain . The differences of the ADHD brain can affect thinking, behavior, and emotional stability of an individual.  The three main characteristics symptoms of ADHD includes  inattention, hyperactivity and a impulsive behavior .  Inattentive Symptoms Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork or while studying.  Has difficulty in keeping attention during tasks or play Does not really seem to listen when spoken to directly Does not follow  on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork or chores and tasks Has major problems in organizing tasks and activities Mostly Avoids or dislikes tasks that require sustained mental effort  Often loses toys, pencils, books, or tools needed for tasks or activities Gets easily distracted Often forgetful in daily activities Hyperactivity Symptoms Fidgets with hands or feet  Leaves seat when being seated is expected Runs about  in inappropriate situations Has major problem in playing or working quietly Is often “on the go,” acts as if “driven by a motor” Talks  excessively sometimes  Impulsivity Symptoms Blurts out answers before questions have been completed by someone Has difficulty awaiting turn and are mostly aggressive to others Mostly Interrupts or intrudes on others  All of these impact a person behaviour, action,  mood , and thinking Ability . That’s why ADHD meets the criteria for mental illness. Doctors often diagnose ADHD in children who demonstrate these psychological differences and common symptoms. ADHD is a curable condition, and sometimes it’s symptoms ease with age. Treating ADHD at very small age often helps improve quality of life and academic performance. There are differences between the brain developmental, structural, and functional of people who have ADHD and people without ADHD. These differences relate to brain size, the neurotransmitters, and brain cells networking.  These differences are the basis to understanding and treating some of the common  symptoms and behavior patterns of ADHD patients.  People with ADHD  have certain areas of the brain that mature more slowly or have different activity levels than a normal functional brain. And many of these brain differences  changes as a child matures and grows older and these maturation and proliferation process varies by the child’s developmental stage.  According to previous research, the process includes: The careful growth, positioning, and organization of neurons which is the brain’s cellular communication system into working brain networks Also  the development of myelin around neurons, which provide efficient medium of neuronal transmission The pruning, and the re-organization, of unnecessary or inefficient neuronal circuits ADHD affects brain functioning in several ways. The condition has links to many cognitive abnormalities, behavioral, and motivational functioning. ADHD can affect the regulation of moods, emotions, and brain cell connections of an individual. It can also affect communication between different areas of the brain To the rest of the body parts.  Brain networks are made up of groups of nerve cells, called neurons, which send information throughout the brain. The brain networks of people with ADHD may take more time to develop and generate messages and be less effective at relaying certain messages, behaviors, or processing information. These brain networks may function differently in areas such as focus, movement, and normal functioning of the body. 

Classroom management is the technique by which teachers and schools create a environment to maintain a appropriate behavior of students in classroom settings. The purpose of maintaining classroom management techniques is to enhance prosocial behavior and increase student academic engagement. Effective classroom management requires warm behavior of teacher, general awareness, patience, good timing, boundaries, and instinct. There’s nothing easy about shepherding a large group of easily distractible young children’s with different skills and temperaments along a meaningful  journey of education.  Effective classroom management techniques : Try to Establishes and sustains an learning environment in the classroom. Increases meaningful academic education and facilitates social and emotional growth of children. Try to Decrease negative influence and increases time spent academically engaged. Although effective classroom management produces many positive outcomes for students, the Chaotic classroom environments are a large issue for teachers and can contribute to high  stress  burnout rates for teachers. Therefore, it is important to use effective classroom management strategies at the universal level in a tested model, as they serve as both prevention and intervention methods that promote the positive and effective outcomes for students. In a particular class everyone has peers and they can be your friends who are about your age and have some similar interests and experiences. Peers can also be your classmates who are about your age and are involved in the same activities with you or are part of a community you belong to. You may not consider all of your peers to be friends, but they can all influence you and your daily activities . So being a teacher Encourage all students to help you build classroom expectations and rules, as you’ll generate more buy-in than just telling them what they’re not allowed to do. This is very essential for new teachers. Near the start of the new Academic year or during the first day of a semester, start a discussion by asking students what they believe should and shouldn’t fly in terms of appropriate behavior. Peer pressure can have both positive and negative impacts. When peer pressure is positive, it pushes you towards your best.  Negative peer pressure is when someone who is a friend or part of a group you belong to makes you feel that you have to do something or please others to be accepted. It’s this negative peer pressure that we generally think of when the phrase peer pressure is used. When you give in to negative peer pressure, you would  often feel guilty or disappointed with yourself for being in a way that goes against your beliefs or values. Wanting to ‘fit in’ with a particular kind of people and be accepted by their peers is a powerful motivator for children to indulge in inappropriate, illegal activities, and sometimes even dangerous behaviour. Cheating in exams, shoplifting, vandalizing public property, smoking , drinking and doing drugs, consuming alcohol, taking part in bullying or eve-teasing, having sex, etc. are all activities that are usually undertaken by the youth who want to fit in with the crowd and become popular. If these activities go undetermined by the parents, the children’s lives could go on a downward spiral and studies could go for a large toss. That is why, it is important to look out for concerning behaviours by children and educate  them about peer pressure and how to overcome it.   Some examples of negative peer pressure are: Strong urge to dress or act a certain way. Cheating or copying someone else’s work during the exam or letting others copy your work. Not including other people in social activities. Taking high risks when driving. Taking drugs or alcohol. Shoplifting or stealing while shopping. Engaging in wrong sexual activity. Engaging in   cyberbullying. Projecting a wrong  image  on social media.  Top tips for supporting your students Try to Promote positive peer pressure outcomes in your classroom. Talk calmly, openly and honestly with your students around what peer pressure is and how it can be used for both positive and negative outcomes. Encourage your students to talk about there pressures they feel to conform, and discuss practical ways to manage this problem.  Give opportunities to students for practising their communication skills to manage negative peer pressure situations. Role playing and using real-life situation are effective approaches to use. Try to Involve parents in discussions around peer pressure as They have an important role to play in talking to their child about peer pressure. 

While ADHD is believed to be inherited genetically, but by effectively managing your child’s symptoms can prevent both the severity of the disorder and development of more serious problems over time. Early intervention has the key of positive outcomes for your child. The earlier you will look after your child’s problems, the more likely you will be able to prevent school peer pressures and social failure and other associated problems such as poor performance, underachievement and lack of self-esteem that may lead to delinquency or drug and alcohol abuse. Although life with your child may at times seem to be very difficult , but as a parent you can help built home and school environments that improve your child’s chances for successful life ahead. There are no hard and fast rules, as ADHD can have different degrees of severity and symptoms Depending on person. However, children can benefit from person-centred or tailor-made approaches by there family members . This disorder can cause a child to have poor impulse control, which can lead to a challenging life or inappropriate behaviors. But an important step for parents is to accept that ADHD simply represents a functional difference in the brain nerves . It does not mean that their child cannot learn right from wrong deeds , but that they may need to find other ways to support and help their child in developing positive outlook. Parents and caregivers will need to adapt their own ways of interacting and handling the child. This includes speech modifications , gestures, emotional language, and the loveable physical environment. For a child with ADHD, a proper consistency is vital. By using a well planned supportive and structured approach, challenging behaviors can be limited, and the child can flourish. Here are some ways to get started. Try to a Create regular Wake-Up cycle  A proper Waking up  on time depends on the time of going to bed, and getting a full night’s rest. Try to Develop routines that will help you wake up happier and faster in the morning . These get-to-sleep and wake-up routines can be made simple by  listening to music each night, having coffee and reading the paper each morning. Try to Avoid Sleep Traps Try to find out your ADHD sleep traps and avoid them. If talking on the phone, watching TV, or checking e-mail keeps you up past your bedtime schedule , try to avoid them . Seek for help from family, so they know not to distract you from your goal. Praise your Childs ability  Try to Acknowledge  your Childs interest and abilities , the good attendance, the well-mannered attitude. Then identify and focus on areas of improvement. Assure your child that the grade does not make him a failure and that together you can find helpful strategies to overcome these grades.  Talk to them Always try to discuss problems your child is facing towards learning and help them to  find out the solution. Ask them what’s making it so difficult for them to focus during their lecture series . Does the teacher talk too fast or is there any other disturbance . homework assignments incomplete? A structured routine is vital for the progress of your child . Encourage them As a parent try to encourage, value and embrace your child’s uniqueness. Understand Many famous and highly accomplished people are living with ADHD so Remind your children of this fact and help them find the areas in which they can do better and excel. And don’t forget to shower your unconditional love for the unique person that is your child is.  Make time for play Playtime is one of the best investments you can make in your Childs free time The hours you spend playing with your children makes them feel that they are valuable and worth of your time. Try to Focus your attention on your child during his playtime. Children are perceptive and will know if there mind is elsewhere. Dedicate your time and yourself to the game that you and your child are playing. That shared imagination and playful activities brings you closer together and lets your child know that you’re listening to them. Get out into nature Many Studies proves that spending time in nature can reduce the symptoms of ADHD. So you can Double up on the benefits by combining “green time” with some exercise. Try hiking, trail running, or walking in a local park to get some fresh air . Meditations Meditation can help children manage their ADHD symptoms in their everyday life and can help them control the behaviour that cause difficulties with family, friends, and at school. Healthy diet A good protein rich diet with lot of fresh fruits , vegetables and animal products will surly help a patient of ADHD to overcome there problem of anxiety, hyperactivity and impulsivity.  Positive thoughts Though it may take some time to readjust your thought process , try to bring “happy thoughts” in your mind at bedtime. Set aside all worries and negative thoughts. Get into the habit of positive thinking at bedtime you can Think of a favourite  place vacation or your favourite  person .  Happy thoughts and good feelings that can make it easier to drift off to sleep. You can also Try aromatherapy Some people find that using aromatherapy oil at bath time it helps them sleep, you can particularly try scents like lavender, jasmine, and chamomile. Remember that you are the parent of a special child and, ultimately, you establish the rules for acceptable behaviour in your home. Be patient in nurturing, but don’t allow yourself to be bullied or intimidated by your child’s behaviours let your child know you believe in them and only see all the good things about them. Build resilience in them  by keeping your relationship with your child positive and loving.

Managing the symptoms of ADHD is not at all an easy feat. With this disorder, anything from paying the bills to completing your daily tasks on time can become a difficult mountain to climb, not to mention the juggling family and underlined social demands. ADHD in childhood becomes prominent and Noticeable when the child exhibits some minor symptoms of hyperactivity, inability to sit still or pay attention, and impulsivity. The degree of severity may vary widely. Some children with ADHD may need only mild interventions and treatments , while others require much greater support and help to achieve optimal levels of body functioning. While our health professionals  do not fully understand what causes ADHD, but it is believed to be related to both changes in the chemical  physical environment of the brain and also the genetic factors.  Fortunately, there are a few skills you can learn that can help you better organize your symptoms and keep yourself on track. Just remember, changes like these can take time a longer time and won’t happen overnight. But with practice, patience, and positive approach, you can become more productive, organized, and can get control over things. ADHD treatment While treatment won’t cure ADHD permanently  it can help a great deal with claiming the symptoms. Treatment basically involves medications, home remedies and other behavioral interventions. But the Early diagnosis and treatment can make a big difference in final outcome. It’s also important fir you to work with a therapist who specializes in ADHD to learn the dealing and coping mechanisms that are non pharmacological to help with ADHD symptoms and behaviors. A therapist can enhance the outcomes of the medication and also it will give tools to empower those with ADHD using proper treatments that may involve behavioral, psychological, social, emotional, educational and lifestyle interventions.  Praise and reward your child when rules are followed. Children with ADHD often receive and expect criticism and ignorance more so than other children does . This can really impact there confidence and self-esteem. Some days, you might have been really looking for the good behavior, but you should praise good behavior at least five times in your child more often than you criticize bad behavior. Give clear, effective directions or commands. Always try to Make eye contact or you can make a gently touch on arm or shoulder to get his or her attention. Give brief, simple and clear steps and short commands that get to the point rather than multiple directions or complicated wordy statements and questions. Establish healthy habits. If your child is on regular medication, it should be taken as prescribed by there health experts . Contact your child’s health care provider if any problems arise. Make sure your child is getting enough sleep, eating a  well-balanced diet consisting of three  regular meals, a snack and adequate water daily, and has an outlet for some form of daily  physical activities. These healthy habits will help your child to feel his or her best and help minimize ADHD complications. Try to Stick to regular sleep and wake times To Many people suffering from ADHD, can find that getting up to start the day can be an enormous challenge. Try to go to sleep and wake up at the same time every day of the week even on weekends try to follow the same cycle. A proper Waking up  on time depends on the time of going to bed, And getting a full night’s rest. Try to Develop routines that will help you wake up happier and faster in the morning . These get-to-sleep and wake-up routines can be made simple by  listening to music each night, having coffee and reading the paper each morning. Work on a set routine People with ADHD , often get distracted very easily. This can mean it’s challenging for them to stick to a particular routine. Even when a good routine is planned, it can soon go amiss without  a good lookout so  support these people to keep there routine it on track. Think proficiency, not perfection.  Some kids are slow learners , yet excel at music, art, or athletics. Nurture and acknowledge their gifts but discuss expectations. Rather than striving for straight  expect that your child be proficient in academic and social-emotional learning for their grade level. This includes lifelong learning skills, such as teamwork, group membership, problem solving, critical thinking, and communication. Keep a Eye If your child has ADHD, you can’t tell him to do his homework, and assume that he will do it correctly . Keep an eye on him to be sure he isn’t lost in a daydream thoughts, or doodling on his math assignment. If he appears frustrated or confused, offer your help to him to get back on track. He will feel confident and ready to start the day if his homework is complete in an organised manner.  Have a Morning Pep Talk with your kid  Kids with ADHD love to feel secure. Find the sometime to have a positive discussion with your child before school begins each morning. It may be at the breakfast table,  a walk session early morning, or in the car on the way to school. Assure him that you’ve double-checked his homework and it’s all ok , and that it’s neatly tucked in his backpack. Remind him to follow the rules and other instructions at school, and to listen when the teacher is talking. Give him positive reinforcement by motivating and telling him you know he’ll have a great day, and help him feel good about himself before he gets out of the car.  Meeting with the teacher Try to Learn about the learning style, rules, ways you can help your child, and access to tutoring. The more you learn and communicate, about your Childs abilities  the greater the chances of your child’s success. If you think a grade is undeserving call the teacher or counsellor and act as your child’s advocate

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition  that affects millions of children all over the world and often continues into adulthood. ADHD includes a combination of persistent problems, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity and impulsive behaviour,Angerness  it also affects a person’s ability to concentrate and makes them easily distracted, impulsive, or excessively energetic. Managing the symptoms of ADHD is not at all an easy feat. With this disorder, anything from paying the bills to completing your daily tasks on time can become a difficult mountain to climb, not to mention the juggling family and underlined social demands. ADHD in childhood becomes prominent and Noticeable when the child exhibits some minor symptoms of hyperactivity, inability to sit still or pay attention, and impulsivity. The degree of severity may vary widely. Some children with ADHD may need only mild interventions and treatments , while others require much greater support and help to achieve optimal levels of body functioning. While our health professionals  do not fully understand what causes ADHD, but it is believed to be related to both changes in the chemical  physical environment of the brain and also the genetic factors.  Sometimes it can feel like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  hijacks your conversational abilities . Maybe you interrupt other people or get Interrupted without thinking about it. Or you don’t pay close attention to the things being done and miss important details, like where you’re supposed to meet friends and submit your homework.  Managing ADHD symptoms is never about addressing attention or impulsivity alone. ADHD represents a lagging  in executive function and also , a skill set that includes attention, impulse control and much  more. Seen as a disorder of self-regulation impulsivity, ADHD potentially impacts every aspect of an individual life that requires planning and coordination, from sleep, waking and eating habits to laying out a long-term science project all the way to how someone speaks and listens in to conversation. The Executive functioning acts as our ‘brain manager’ in control our thoughts, coordinate actions and ability to plan. It is responsible for sorting  all the complex thoughts and information we encounter, from regulating attention to the right voice in a classroom to organizing responses in the midst of a rapidly-paced discussion.  A Comprehensive ADHD disorder   requires a broad view of the often subtle effects it has on life, by addressing its impact wherever it shows. One of the more commonly overlooked aspects of ADHD is its direct effect on ones communication abilities This is mainly due to people with ADHD often have issues with executive function. Which is kind of like your brain’s manager. It’s highly responsible for sorting through the information in a persons everyday life,  You can try and do a few things to address some of the common communicative problems that ADHD can cause.   ADHD RELATED CHALLENGES In brief, the ADHD symptoms may contribute to the difficulties in expressing oneself because of: Difficulties in retrieving the “right” words and ideas. The overwhelm feeling when trying to organize your thoughts. External distractions. Internal distractions with other thoughts. Challenges in regulating  emotions.  Of course, the reasons you may struggle to express yourself effectively in conversations are likely due to something more than just your ADHD problem. And it would be really helpful for you to identify and address those challenges, as well. By rightly Knowing all of your related challenges can help you to create the right workarounds. Give yourself  the opportunity to organize your thoughts. Allow yourself to take time to think about how you want to respond. Try to Make it easier to focus while in the conversation. Minimize your stress and overwhelm during the conversation. Try to shared understanding of what you are trying to accomplish can also help to minimize the chances of conflict, as well. While this is not always possible, let’s look at a hypothetical example to explain how this strategy could potentially be used try to take relevant topics.  Try to seek  understanding It is possible that, like many other people with ADHD, you may also have a hard time expressing your ideas concisely and cogently at times. This may leave you irritated , and, perhaps, “overly” focused on trying to make yourself understood. And you may find yourself thinking or saying things in conversations eventually We all want to be heard and really understood. And you may need to build your skills in order to express yourself better way .

Kids with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are quite difficult to manage and often struggle with focus, impulse control, sitting still, and hand , legs coordination. But like their neurotypical peers, they too love to play with other and there toys , and giving them the right toys can be fun, fascinating, and even sometimes therapeutic. Finding the right toys that your ADHD kids will love might entail some trial and error. Not every kids with ADHD will be able to concentrate on or will be interested in the same things. What’s fun for one ADHD child might not appeal to another kid with same symptoms. We’ve summed  up all of the best possible toys for your ADHD child to help them focus and develop while still having fun. According to Shelly Stark, an renowned Occupational Therapist , two solid areas to focus on are the active toys that encourage whole-body movement, as well as some fidget toys, and also some small playthings that players can squeeze, spin, flip, or otherwise manipulate with their hands. “Fidget toys can be a great aid  for your kids with ADHD because they assist with regulating their bodies and they help to improve their concentration and attention, With that in mind, we evaluated recommendations from the parents that toys are immersive, helpful, and lots of fun. How to Choose a perfect Toy for a Child with ADHD About 8.4 million children in the world have been diagnosed with ADHD. The average age for diagnosis of ADHD is 7 years , but the symptoms can start presenting as young as 2 years old.   Picking out a helpful toy for one of these children can be a little challenging . Every child have special play needs, so it’s important to make wise choices. You need to consider toys that will mainly help your child to focus, boost their self-esteem and confidence, and calm their anxiety and hyperactivity.  Here are some of the things you should be on the lookout for: Lego Duplo Creative Play Lego and Duplo are good toys for kids with special needs .  As these children love to create, and the methodical building of bricks is very therapeutic. It helps them to concentrate and achieve, and and also helps them as they can create objects in a short space of time, which keeps them engaged. Duplo is suitable for little ones from about 18 months old whereas other Lego sets will appeal to a little older kids over 3 years .  Viahart Brain Flakes This is mainly a construction toy with a difference. It contains a Interlocking flower-shaped discs that allow your child to create whatever they want and there’s no right or wrong. It will also help your  child to focus, stimulate their imagination, and help maintaining coordination. Children aged 5 years and over will enjoy building Ferris wheels, lightshades, trees, cars, and more.   Thought-Spot The Shoulds and Should Nots Card Kids with ADHD love to play with board and card games, but can sometimes  they can lose interest and find them boring before they’re over. This fast-paced card game is a very  quick and easy game and is suitable for kids aged 4 years and over, although some 3-year-olds might even enjoy it.  It will help your child  with , good manner recognition, self-awareness, good reasoning skills, and communication skills. Kinetic Sand Squeezable Play Sand Let your kid’s imagination flow wild with this soft sand that sticks to itself. It’s a good tool  for building castles, making sculptures or anything else that you can think of. This sand is also easy to clean up as it doesn’t stick on  hands or clothes And make them dirty . Tangle Fidget Toy Fidget toys are  really helpful  for kids with ADHD that have issues keeping their hands still while sitting down. This  Tangles can be moved and sculpted endlessly in any direction and they come in variety of bright colors, with different combinations available. They will Not only   keep little hands busy, but it can also help a child with ADHD to focus, relieving stress and anxiety. It’s good  for kids aged 3 years up. Kinetic Sand Children with sensory and hypertension integration issues will love this kinetic sand  that lets them make whatever they want without any tough cleaning! The sand sticks to itself, so children can use their imaginations  every possible way to build castles, sculptures, or anything they can dream up. Plus, the soft, squishy texture is a great source of stress relief  when your child is overwhelmed or is overstimulated during the holiday season, he can turn to Kinetic Sand to calm  down it’s traits.  Perplexes Rookie The Perplexes Rookie  teaches the small children  and kindergarten students how to plan ahead, and how their actions affect the world around them  both great skills for burgeoning and stimulating ADHD minds   Funny Faces If your child has ADHD or Autism Spectrum Disorder they are likely to struggles with social skills, this fun game  is a pressure-free way to teach them key  expressions and the required nonverbal cues. The game is very easy to learn, especially for younger kids , and the funny faces will keep any child laughing for long time to come.

  Useful indoor and outdoor activities for kids with ADHD  A child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a very shorter attention span, which could hinder their day-to-day functioning . Therefore, some playful after-school activities that can enhance their attentive skills are valuable. In addition, these activities may also help them to drain their extra energy and channel it in a better way. So here are some indoor and outdoor activities for your kids with ADHD which range from light, fun activities to exhausting yet entertaining physical activities. Swimming Swimming is one of the best outdoor sport  for your kids with ADHD. It is a great exercise and a great way to spend some fun time with your kids. Team Sports Every kind of team sports is a great way to build a good social skills. A properly-chosen sport will also give a lot of physical exercise with mental health . You can Choose games for your kids with ADHD like soccer or basketball that keep all the players engaged throughout the game, unlike games individual like baseball that involve a lot of downtime for  players. Biking Biking has given proven to give positive results for kids with ADHD. Some of the positive effects of biking every day are: It Reduces impulsiveness and improves attention Boosts mood swings Enhances the information processing Help kids to better understand their feelings Improve the cognitive performance Helps maintain a healthy BMI by reducing waist circumference and controlling weight  Arts & Music Classes If you find that your kid is interested in  singing and listening music or any other form of art like drawing or drama, make her nurture this passion. It will helps them  in improving language  skills  in children along with social interaction  and concentration. Balance boarding  If you need playful activities for kids with ADHD that don’t require a lot of set-up , a simple balance board  will be a great option to consider. It helps develop a child’s gross , fine motor and balancing skills while also providing the physical release kids with ADHD often need. Music To Calm The Mind Music can make a hyperactive child’s mind more calm and peaceful.  If your child loves to sing and play any instruments. This activity can help his energy  drop down and be more focused. Indoor Sports Make sure you pick some practical activities in a more enclosed space than outdoor football or basketball games . This way, you also keep your precious potted plants and lampshades out of  natural harm’s way. These activities allow kids to channel there extra energy into a constructive activity. Scavenger Hunt This is one of the most  classic yet timeless activity that many kids enjoy. Another benefit is that you can make its difficulty level as basic or complex as you’d like. Jumping-Only Space Make sure you inform your children that beds and couches are off-limits. This activity allows children to jump around on a Assigned spot on the floor.  Exercise ball  An exercise ball is an very interesting prop to help your child focus while letting them blow some extra steam off. This inexpensive prop is a one-time investment and is highly versatile too. Even simple bouncing on the ball can give you  therapeutic effects .  Mask Tape Games A masking tape could be used in variety of ways to make indoor environments lively. Try Sticking the tape around the house in multiple patterns: zig-zag, straight, or curved to create some obstacle course. You can also Pair these tasks with household chores and physical activities, such as jumping, hopping, crawling, or running for more fun.  Word Games You could pair up word games with physical activities as they are the great combination . Take the classic word games such as charades, scrabble, and word build, and add a physical touch so that your child stays focused while learning . These games could build up your Childs vocabulary and help them stay focused on the play. Egg Race The egg on a spoon game could be played outdoor as well as indoors too and it is even more challenging this way. Since a house is well Equipped  with furniture and fixtures, this simple game could be made into an hurdle  course. This game improves their motor skills concentration and balancing abilities.  

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  is a chronic neuro developmental difference that affects the parts of the brain that control attention, coordination , impulses and concentration. Common symptoms are short attention span, restlessness, hyperactive, aggression, and constant fidgeting and being impulsive. People suffering from this  condition lack the filters to ignore what is going on around them resulting in a lack of focus. It can occur to any people of all intellectual ability and is common in people with learning difficulties . so it is not just an inability to pay attention on a broad perspective it’s an inability of brain to control attention. Children with ADHD generally have a decreased  level of brain arousal, which in turn lowers their ability to screen out distractions like noise in the hallway, movement outside, or even their own inner thoughts and feelings. That can moreover affect a student’s ability to concentrate and focus , to pay attention, listen, or put effort into schoolwork. ADHD also can make a student fidgety, restless, talk too much, aggressive, hyperactive or disrupt the class. Kids with ADHD might also have learning disabilities that cause them to have problems in there school education.  The ADHD brains are naturally low on dopamine and norepinephrine, which control brain arousal , attention and concentration  levels. Other people may find that, when the situation demands for it, they can “buckle down” to all distractions and force their brains to focus. Also the ADHD impacts several aspect of the child’s life. During this phase of disorder He is forgetful, disorganized and impulsive. He has a hard time grasping simple concepts that most of his peers take for granted and make fun off . He gets easily distracted by everyday noises, such as a ticking clock, a bird in the tree outside the window, or a classmate sharpening his pencil and lose their concentration and get side-tracked several times during the study hours .  This kids have special needs and special care needs to be taken for their growth and development. They don’t have time to finish their lunch because they’re too busy watching the other kids on the playground. They may ask the teachers to go to the washroom but get distracted in the hallway and forget to go. These symptoms of ADHD  make a child’s day so difficult that by the time he gets home he’s in tears, or ready to have a meltdown. These everyday frustrations affect the child’s mental health, academic performance and inhibit the ability to learn new skills and concepts.  Kids  with ADHD have unique needs in the classroom and These things can make school  hard to crack. But by Simple classroom adjustments it can be made easier for a teacher to work with the strengths and weaknesses of a child with ADHD so Here are some strategies that parents and teachers of students with ADHD can adapt to help them succeed at school. So, let’s have a look on how  you can help your child overcome some of the obstacles to learning caused by ADHD.  Identify  motivational patterns By recognizing the symptoms and problems the child is facing you can help them to find out a relevant solution and building on special interests Towards learning . If your son stumbles in math, a learning-based computer game could make numbers fun to them .  Never punish poor grades.  It’s better to restructure time such as limiting instant messaging to your child to foster progress. Fear of punishment can block learning. Focus on a good  fresh start.  Praise your Childs ability  Try to Acknowledge  your Childs interest and abilities , the good attendance, the well-mannered attitude. Then identify and focus on areas of improvement. Assure your child that the grade does not make him a failure and that together you can find helpful strategies to overcome these grades.  Discuss Always try to discuss problems your child is facing towards learning and help them to  find out the solution. Ask them what’s making it so difficult for them to focus during their lecture series . Does the teacher talk too fast or is there any other disturbance . homework assignments incomplete? A structured routine is vital for the progress of your child . Give them time Kids always need some downtime to recharge after the school hours before tackling homework. Build homework into a daily routine that includes a protein snack for fuel, some physical playful activities a half hour of tube time, chatting with friends, or a daily chore like feeding the dog. Encourage them to try new things Instead of focusing all their energy on what they are already good at, it’s good for kids to diversify. Attaining new skills makes kids feel quite capable and confident that they can tackle everything that comes their way. Allow kids to fail It’s natural for any parent  to protect your child from failure, but trial and error is how kids learn, and falling short on a goal helps kids find out that it’s not fatal. It can also spur your kids to greater effort, which 

 ADHD is not on the autism spectrum, but they share some of the common symptoms. And having one of these conditions generally increases the chances of having the other one.  Many medical professionals think have changed the way they think about how autism and ADHD are related. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders  said that a person couldn’t have autism and ADHD together . But the newest version of it published in 2013, allows for a person to have a diagnoses with both. Usually people with adhd have Trouble in paying attention: Kids with autism may struggle with attention problem for several reasons. One is that language difficulties can make it seem like kids aren’t paying attention to instructions given . But sometimes it can be that they just don’t understand the directions. Having Trouble socially: ADHD can affect peoples social skills . This can include avoiding eye contact while talking and expressing , getting into other people’s personal space. Sometimes these overlapping symptoms cause a child to be wrongly diagnosed. If you’re concerned about a possible misdiagnosis  talk to your child’s health expert . Doctors are used to handle these kinds of conversations and they even help you get a second opinion.  Many developmental issues are like this they’re somewhere likely to occur together. For example, kids with language issues are more likely to have reading disability. That’s why you have to consider all the possible aspects of a child’s neuro developmental functioning. This includes language, social skills, attention, physical behavior,  mood, academic skills, social skills, play skills, and motor skills. A neuropsychological evaluation  by a health care provider will look at all of these areas In a persons life. Autism and ADHD are also related genetically a. A person with ASD has a comparatively bigger chance of having a close relative with ADHD or another developmental disorder. We need a more advance research to better understand the connection, though. Because kids with autism and ADHD can have a very similar symptoms, some of the ways to help with one can be helpful for  many others. For example, kids with both usually benefit from sticking to a regular routine and knowing what to expect. But there are big differences in the type of therapy recommended for both the problems . Therapy for autism  like applied behavior analysis can be a great a with communication skills. It can also help to reduce repetitive behaviors, which is one of the signs of autism. Therapy for ADHD is geared toward improving attention and organization skills of a person. It’s often paired with ADHD medications and therapies . But this medication may not really help kids who don’t have ADHD. When they occur together There may be a reason why symptoms of ADHD and ASD can be difficult to distinguish and diagnosis from one another as Both can occur at the same time. For example, some people with ADHD may experience symptoms, such as hyperactivity, intense focus and concentration on one item, that fall after the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Not every individual can be clearly diagnosed  A doctor may decide only one of the disorders is responsible for your child’s symptoms. In some cases, children may suffer from both conditions. In other words, children with ADHD and ASD symptoms are more likely to have learning difficulties and impaired social skills than children who only had one of the underlined conditions  When both occur together There may be a certain reason why symptoms of ADHD and ASD can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Both of this can occur at the same time. For example, some people with ADHD may experience symptoms, such as anxiety intense focus and concentration on one item, that fall outside the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Not every child can be correctly diagnosed. A health expert may decide only one of the disorders is responsible for your child’s symptoms. In many cases children may have both conditions. Basically children with ADHD and ASD symptoms were more likely to have learning difficulties and impaired social skills than a child who only had one of the conditions. But Both conditions may be linked to genetics. One study identified a rare gene that can be linked to both of the conditions. Learning more about each disease is a good first step toward understanding the complicated ways they’re related to each other. ASD symptoms Has difficulty socializing with people. Shows self-soothing behaviors that are often repeated like rocking, hand flapping, jumping, and spinning.  Has obsessive interests on things. Is relatively hyperactive and Fidgets. Has little difficulty understanding nonverbal cues. Has difficulty with safety and danger awareness. and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may include when a child: Person is forgetful and easily distracted. Has trouble in listening and following directions. Shows frustration or lack of impulse control that can lead to emotional outburst and tantrums. Has inadequate organizational skills and difficulty completing tasks. Has difficulty staying focused for long . Person is  hyperactive and Fidgets. Is likely to Interrupts others and blurts out inappropriate things. Has major difficulty with nonverbal cues and personal space impulsivity. Has difficulty understanding the consequences of actions. Has difficulty in understanding the consequences of actions. Plays rough and takes physical risks. What are the possible treatments of ASD  Medical management Applied behavior analysis Speech therapy Occupational therapy Physical therapy Social skills groups Educational programming Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be diagnosed in the following ways: Medication management Educational programming Behavior management

Does your little one has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? It’s really not  easy to tell since toddlers tend to have difficulty paying attention in general. Children in their toddler stage generally are not diagnosed with ADHD but many of their behaviors can lead some parents to wonder whether their child has it or not or he is at risk for developing it. But ADHD is far more than just typical and  toddler behavior. According to the National Institutes of Health care and management record  the condition can extend beyond toddler age to affect teens and even adult lifestyle forever. This is why it’s very important to recognize the symptoms of ADHD in early childhood. According to a some  research Source, some behaviors noted in toddlerhood could be related to the development of ADHD As a lifelong problem. However, considerably more  scientifically proven research is needed. So typically these are the three main signs of the condition in kids having ADHD.  Inattention Hyperactivity Impulsivity These behavior problem can also occur in some children without ADHD.  Your child won’t be diagnosed with the condition unless symptoms continue for more than  a year and affect their ability to participate in age-appropriate activities for several years coming to see . Great care needs to be taken in diagnosing a child under 3 years of age with ADHD, particularly if proper medication is  considered. A diagnosis at this young age is best made by a child psychiatrist or a paediatrician specializing by observing the behavior and development. Many child psychiatrists will not make a diagnosis until the child has been to the school and has grown up well . This is because a key criterion for ADHD is that the symptoms are present in two or more settings Terms  For example, if the child shows symptoms at home and at school, or with a parent and with friends or relatives a medical care taker is required. Following are the behavior symptoms of ADHD in toddlers Sometimes Being overly fidgety and squirmy. Having difficulties to sit still for calm activities like eating and handlling books  Always restless Likely to Run around, climb, and jump on everything Be constantly “on the go,” as if they are “driven by a motor” Are very talkative and Talk nonstop  Always unable to concentrate or listen for long Find it really hard to settle down, take naps, and sit for meals Talking loudly and making noise excessively. Running from toy to toy, or constantly being in a state of motion A child having trouble with paying attention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity go beyond there  usual lifestyle for their small age and this very behaviors have been going on since the child was very young. The behaviors mainly affect the child at school and at home. A health reports shows that another health or learning issue  is not the problems.  Diagnosis process Medical expert Perform a medical examination Takes a closer Look at personal and family medical histories Consider school records and response Ask family, teachers, babysitters, and coaches to complete a questionnaire about the condition of the child Compare symptoms and behavior to ADHD criteria and rating scales of others 

Contribution of technology for Education for Young Children  The COVID-19 pandemic is swiftly illuminating the need for online education as an essential component of teaching and learning. Teachers can use online learning as a potent teaching tool by incorporating it into existing curricula rather than only using it to manage crises. Student engagement may be raised, lesson planning can be improved, and tailored learning can be facilitated with the wise use of digital learning tools in the classroom. It also aids in the development of crucial 21st-century abilities in students. Virtual classrooms, videos, augmented reality (AR), robots, and other technological tools can not only make classes more engaging but also more inclusive learning environments that encourage collaboration and inquisitiveness as well as give teachers the ability to gather information on student performance. People with education now understand the value of early childhood education and the importance of motivating others to attend school. The school system is in charge of moulding young children into tomorrow’s citizens. The need to increase awareness of the importance of early childhood education is still great. 258 million children and teenagers are not attending school, according to surveys carried out by UNESCO.  Why is technology so crucial in the classroom? The sector of education has benefited greatly from technology. ICT in education can enhance the processes of teaching and learning. Many educators continue to employ outdated techniques and refrain from utilising modern technology. But many creative educators are aware of how the use of technology in the classroom has given rise to numerous creative teaching strategies. It has simplified the process of teaching and learning. Technology is revolutionising education, altering how, when, and where students study while also empowering them along the way. Technology for Learning and Teaching: Gives teachers efficient access to data, content, and the cloud to effectively personalise learning. Gives pupils the knowledge, abilities, and skills necessary to succeed in the workforce of the twenty-first century. Aids teachers in developing blended learning settings that make learning applicable to students’ lives. Gives teachers access to digital formative and summative exams, as well as data, to receive feedback in real time. Following are some reasons why technology is important in education: Tools and resources for education are now available at any time and from any location. With technology in the classroom, both the teaching-learning process and its results increase. Interactive learning increases students’ ability to retain information. Students study in their familiar environments. Students’ research skills are enhanced by technology. Students’ capacity for logic and thinking is growing more quickly.   Students’ capacity for logic and thinking is growing more quickly. With the use of new technologies and ICT in the classroom, students gain confidence. There are not many significant obstacles to schooling today. Technology not only aids children greatly, but it also helps teachers all across the world. For instance, using technology – Virtual lesson plans can be created and accessed by teachers. All teachers can benefit from the learning environment. Online tests are now possible. Software for managing and grading in schools makes it easier to produce and distribute results with parents and students. Apps for education make it easier to hold online lessons and parent meetings. Plus a lot more.

A child who receives appropriate stimulation or is shaped in the right way up until the right age is more likely to do better and succeed in the long term. It is more likely that the youngster will do well in school and go on to experience a healthier and more fulfilling life as an adult. A child’s development throughout the first five years, particularly their capacity for accepting human touch, is vital. Three distinct stages can be identified in the process for parents. Understanding the needs of Early Childhood Parents now understand that their obligations go beyond just carrying out a few key duties; active involvement in their children’s education is essential since it extends learning beyond the four walls of the classroom. Children are more optimistic about their outlook on classroom learning, and parents’ active involvement encourages children to do better in school. The youngster becomes happier and more self-assured as a result of this intimate closeness. Parents should: - Make yourselves available to their kids. - Help them learn to recognise right from wrong. - Promote their independence. - Allow them to voice their thoughts and opinions. Getting Rid of Your Kids’ Fears Before preschool begins, discuss it with your child. Introduce your child to routine classroom activities gradually in the months and weeks leading up to the start of school. For instance, it will provide a child comfort to know that there are crayons and paper available in the preschool classroom if they are used to doodling with paper and crayons at home. Before the start of school, take your child to the preschool classroom several times. This can allay worries about this new area. The opportunity to meet the teacher and ask questions about daily routines and activities is another benefit of visiting. Some of those routines and activities can be introduced at home so they develop accustomed to them. Allow your child to explore, observe, and decide whether to interact with other students while you are in the classroom. Kids can explore the new toys they’ll play with when school starts while getting a feel for the space. You might also inquire about the teacher’s approach to the initial, tear-filled days. How will the first week be organised so that your child can adjust to the shift more easily? Don’t concentrate too much on the modifications it brings as you encourage your youngster to take this crucial step. Since even young children can pick up on their parents’ nonverbal messages, this could exacerbate any worry. Preschool Parenting Advice Continue to read to, sing to, and converse with your youngster. By taking them to the library or a bookstore, you may foster your child’s love of reading. Teach responsibility in tiny measures, beginning with activities as straightforward as picking up their toys. Allow your kid to assist with small tasks. Do the things you want your child to do consistently to set a positive example for them. To help them learn about sharing and friendship, encourage your youngster to play with other kids. Use whole phrases and “grown-up” vocabulary when speaking to your child. Using the appropriate words and phrases will help you improve your language skills. When your pre-schooler is upset, help them work through the processes of solving an issue. When correcting your child, be clear and fair.

A child's classroom experiences can be expanded upon by a parent's involvement in early childhood education to include practical experiences that take place at home. A parent who is aware of the preschool curriculum and activities for their kid will be able to assess their child's readiness for kindergarten and identify any skills gaps. Finding more effective ways to involve parents in their children's learning is one of the hardest difficulties facing early childhood educators. You can improve a child's ability to learn by establishing open lines of communication with their parents and making a concerted effort to include parents as a key partner in their education. Advantages of parental participation The preschool years are when a child experiences some of their most significant cognitive growth. Parents who participate actively in the early childhood education process can ensure that their children get the resources necessary to grow and develop to their greatest potential. Parental participation improves children's performance in school, extends learning outside of the classroom, and gives them a better overall experience. The learning that takes place in preschool settings at home must also receive support from parents. Tips For Motivating parents to look after the child's learning environment Invite parents to visit your daycare center to learn more about you, your staff, and how it runs. Families will feel more at ease and be more likely to participate if you make them feel comfortable with your center and the educators that work there. Whether in person or through a daycare management system, make sure teachers are always welcoming and engaged with parents. If your parents are interested in helping out in your classroom, ask them. Do they possess a unique skill they would like to share with the class? Would they be willing to volunteer to read a story or assist with an art project? Identify any topics that parents would like to see included in your curriculum by asking them. Parents may wish to influence what their child learns throughout the day once they realize they can influence what is taught in the classroom. For every child, make a journal or daily report. Use these daily reports to describe each student's development and to provide a method for parents and teachers to interact and provide feedback. Provide parents with helpful materials. These may be connected to the improvement of language, behavior control, and motor skill development, among other things. These materials may provide further advice that parents can utilize at home to develop their children's abilities and skills. Offer supplementary home activities that both a parent and youngster can do. By extending your curriculum outside of the classroom and reinforcing what you have been teaching, these activities might be beneficial. Parents will feel more compelled to participate actively over time once they have first-hand experience teaching new topics to their kids and seeing the results. Thank your parents for participating. When a parent comes to your child care facility or volunteers, send them a thank you note to let them know how much you value their time and help. Parent Involvement in Preschool Studies have shown that parents are more likely to remain interested as their children progress through elementary school when they are actively involved in their early childhood education.

The physical, emotional, and cognitive development of one- and two-year-olds happens quickly. They have independence as they learn to move around the house thanks to their growing motor abilities. They become more effective at expressing their wants and requirements as they acquire new language abilities. The “terrible twos,” however, are so-called for a reason. Since they lack patience, toddlers don’t hold back while expressing their annoyance. Since your child can’t yet express their emotions or deal with stress verbally, temper tantrums are typical. Physical guiding or even removing your child from the situation may be used as toddler disciplinary techniques (like the grocery store). Parenting Techniques in the growth years of a Toddler During this time, childproofing your home is essential since toddlers are eager to climb on furniture, use the stairs, or get into potentially hazardous situations. They have a natural curiosity and love to travel. A significant milestone for toddlers can be learning to use the toilet. When toddlers can use the potty, many of them are very proud of themselves, and many parents are happy when they can stop changing diapers. You should make sure your toddler is eating a good diet and getting enough sleep in addition to taking the necessary safety precautions. But if you’re dealing with a finicky eater or a toddler who has declared a nap strike, don’t worry. Communication is essential. The basis of any connection is communication. Talk to your child about subjects besides study and school. This aids in strengthening the link between the two parties. Play with them and do things together Unavoidably, you spent time with your loved ones. Do something fun and interesting with your child in this situation. Over time, this will enable students to refine their interests. When you make a mistake , apologise. In a relationship, being open and honest can work wonders. Give up your ego and accept responsibility for your blunders. To prepare the youngster to defend themselves in future pursuits. You can also discover parenting hints for every step that will assist you in raising a contented, healthy child. You’ll learn more about what your child is experiencing at each stage and the most recent advice for keeping your child healthy. You’ll pick up: Serving size recommendations, advice on what foods your child should eat or avoid, and diet and nutrition techniques for dealing with finicky eaters. Recommendations for physical activity, including the quantity of exercise children should get, kids’ activity suggestions, and ways the whole family may get more active together. Advice on how to organise your home, decide how to spend time as a family, and decide what your children should be doing in the family. Organizing well-child checkup schedules, the right kind of doctor to see, age-appropriate common health issues, and necessary immunizations during doctor visits. Sleep recommendations to help parents understand how much sleep their children require and how to help them get better-quality sleep. Tips and techniques for keeping your children safe. Tips for managing screen time and communicating with children about social media, the internet, and smart gadgets The environment in which your child lives and how you may support them in handling daycare or school, making new friends, managing stress, dealing with bullies, and other potential stressors at each stage.

Some parents expect their children to do exactly what they say, no questions asked. Others micromanage every aspect of their child’s life to keep them safe and thriving. And still others take a relaxed approach, letting their offspring make their own decisions about almost everything. If more than one of these approaches resonates with you, but none of them suit you perfectly, that’s okay. Although psychologists and parenting experts often try to put parents into neat categories, “I think very few of us fit into rigid boxes and people can switch back and forth between styles,” says Jephtha Tausig, PhD, an in New York-based Clinical Psychologist and Clinical Supervisor at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center. You may find that you change depending on your child’s age, your child’s temperament, or even the time of day. When you wake up and you’re full of mental energy, you might be practicing authoritative parenting, which means there are clear rules and consequences, but when rules are broken, we can sit down and talk about it,” says Jenny Yip, PsyD, clinical assistant professor of Psychiatry at USC Keck School of Medicine and founder of the Little Thinkers Center in Los Angeles. “However, as the day dwindles and your energy dwindles, you may feel overwhelmed and tell your kids, ‘Do whatever you want!’ This is permissive parenting. Or you’re so upset because a child breaks a rule for the tenth time that you act like an authoritarian parent and take all their toys away. At some point, you might just want to have a glass of wine and hide in the closet, which would mean acting like an uninvolved parent.” Psychologists tend to focus on the four main parenting styles: Authoritarian Authoritative Allowed Unconcerned/careles These categories originated in the work of developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind, PhD, in the 1960s, but are still used by most psychologists today. In recent years, however, parenting experts have coined a number of unofficial (and much-discussed) styles, including helicopter, field, and attachment parenting. Here’s what you should know about the pros and cons of these different methods.

Looking at other parenting options can help you decide which path to take. Attachment training Attachment parenting focuses on a parent’s connection and responsiveness with their child. This parenting style teaches that you can positively impact your child’s emotional health and future relationships by being responsive to their needs and by keeping them physically close. Skin contact is encouraged and parents see a child’s cry as a cry for help rather than an attempt to manipulate them. (That’s why clingy parents might opt ​​for a baby carrier instead of a stroller, for example.) Attachment parenting and gentle parenting are compatible, although they may have different emphases. Positive Parenting Positive parenting is a warm and firm style that also emphasizes the connection with your child. A positive parent listens to their child and makes an effort to be aware of their feelings. A child is taught to name their emotions and seek solutions to their challenges. When you hear a parent say, “I see you’re sad to have to come home, but playtime is over now,” you know positive parenting can be their style. Tiger Parenting The so-called “tiger education” is considered an authoritarian form of education that demands a lot from the child. Raising a tiger can help children become hardworking, motivated and conscientious. However, it can come with stress that can lead to emotional problems. A parent who follows this style can enroll their child in numerous extracurricular and academic activities designed to develop them further. Permissive upbringing   This is at the opposite end of the scale to authoritarian parenting. Permissive parents see themselves as the child’s friend. Her relaxed and forgiving approach has few rules and little discipline. Permissive parents must not stop their child from eating ice cream for breakfast

How will you pick the parenting style that brings out the best in you and your child when there are so many different parenting alternatives available? There is no single  answer to this, and as you learn what works best for your family, it’s likely that you’ll (intentionally or unintentionally) combine a number of various parenting philosophies. This article will give you an insight into What  is gentle parenting, and how can you apply it to your own life? Here is all the information you need to know about gentle parenting, from its roots to its benefits and drawbacks. What is parenting Parenting is the act of bringing up a kid and ensuring their safety and well-being in order to ensure their healthy development into maturity. From infancy through adulthood, parenting  foster and support a child’s physical, emotional, social, and intellectual growth. Parenting encompasses all aspects of raising a kid which is not only  related to a biological bond. The biological parents of the child in issue are the most frequent caregivers. An older brother, a stepparent, a grandparent, a legal guardian, an aunt, an uncle, other family members, or a close acquaintance could still act as a surrogate. Governments and society might also play a part in raising children.  Orphans and abandoned youngsters frequently receive parental care from non-parental or non-blood relatives. Others might be given to foster care, adopted, or placed in an orphanage. A parent or substitute who has good parenting abilities may be referred to as a good parent. Parenting practises differ depending on the historical era, race or ethnicity, social status, preference, and a few other social characteristics. Additionally, research suggests that parental history, particularly in the wake of negative experiences, can have a significant impact on parental sensitivity and child outcomes. This is true both in terms of attachments of varying quality and parental psychopathology. What Is Gentle Parenting In contrast to the typical authoritarian “old school” parenting technique, gentle parenting is a calm and constructive method of parenting. Parenting from this perspective is characterised by empathy, respect, understanding, and boundaries. A gentle parenting approach encourages a relationship with your children that is based on their willingness and choices rather than on demands and rules that you as the parent impose. Instead of using fear or punishment, it teaches kids to do what is right by being positive and patient.  Gentle parenting is built on a the basis of: Understanding your child’s need Empathizing with then And giving them respect Setting boundaries Moreover it’s  about recognizing your child as an individual and responding to their basic needs. How will gentle parenting help your child The foundation of gentle parenting is the belief that youngsters don’t genuinely possess the same level of self-control as (most!) adults. Neuroscience explains that their brains simply aren’t yet formed or mature enough to handle the onslaught of emotions. Then, as a means of coping with an underlying need or other sensations brought on by the feeling or emotion, children “behave” in a certain way. Punishing the ‘behaviour’ is equivalent to judging a child based solely on the outside of their personality; gentle parenting digs deeper. Children’s regulating abilities and emotional literacy are being developed by putting a special emphasis on knowing and empathising with them. We are assisting them in identifying bodily feelings and how those emotions feel to them. Why Should You Do It? Contrary to most mainstream parenting approaches, where benefits are nearly invariably to the parent’s detriment, gentle parenting has many advantages for both the parent and the child. Benefits include: Parents are happier Children have more self-esteem Children are smarter Children have better emotion regulations Children are more independent Children are more sociable / have a better conscience Children are better at school Children are more imaginative Children are more empathetic Children have better brain development Children have better self-esteem Children are less likely to have mental disorders as they get old Children are less likely to engage in risky behavior as teenagers Children are less likely to commit substance abuse Children are less likely to be violent Children rarely keep secrets from their parents Children are less likely to develop an eating disorder Children are more likely to have healthy relationships with adults as they grow up

In the first month of life, babies usually catch up and exceed their birth weight, but then continue to gain weight. A weight loss of up to about 10 per cent of birth weight is normal in the first two to three days after birth. However, the baby should have regained this and reached his birth weight by about two weeks. While all babies can grow at different rates, the following gives the average for boys and girls up to 1 month of age: Weight: After the first two weeks, you should be gaining about 1 ounce each day Average length at birth: 20 inches for boys, 19 ¾ inches for girls Average length at one month: 21 ½ inches for boys, 21 inches for girls Head Size: Increases to a little less than 1 inch more than birth size by the end of the first month What factors determine the physical growth of my newborn? Various things can affect a baby’s size at birth. The duration of the pregnancy is important. Babies born around the term or later tend to be taller than those born earlier. Other factors are: Size of the parents. Tall and tall parents can have larger than average newborns; Small and petite parents may have subpar newborns. Multiple births. With twins, triplets or other multiples, parents can assume that their babies may be a bit small. Multiple babies must share their growing space in the uterus, and they are often born prematurely, resulting in a smaller size at birth. Order of birth. Firstborns are sometimes smaller than later-born brothers or sisters. Gender. Girls tend to be smaller and boys larger, but the differences are small at birth. Mom’s health during pregnancy. Babies may have a lower birth weight if the mother has high blood pressure or heart problems; or has consumed cigarettes, alcohol or illegal drugs during pregnancy. If the mother has diabetes or is overweight, the baby may have a higher birth weight. Nutrition during pregnancy. Good nutrition is crucial for a baby’s growth – before and after birth. Poor nutrition during pregnancy can affect how much a newborn weighs and how the infant grows. Excessive weight gain can increase the likelihood that a baby will be born larger than average. Baby’s health Medical problems, including some birth defects and some infections during pregnancy, can affect a newborn’s birth weight and later growth. What does my baby understand? You may find that your baby responds in many ways, including the following: Frightening loud noises View faces and images with contrasting black-and-white images Pay attention to the voices and finally to the sounds Show hints of a smile, especially while sleeping How long should my newborn sleep? Newborns should sleep 14 to 17 hours out of any 24-hour period, says the National Sleep Foundation. Some newborns sleep up to 18-19 hours a day. Although newborns spend most of the 24 hours sleeping, it’s best that they don’t sleep more than 5 hours at a time for the first 5-6 weeks as they will need to wake up every few hours to eat. Breastfed babies feed often, about every 2-3 hours. Bottle-fed babies tend to drink less frequently, about every 3-4 hours. Expect to wake your newborn to eat every 2-3 hours until he exceeds his birth weight, which is usually within the first few weeks. After that, it’s okay to let your baby sleep in longer at night if he’s gaining appropriate weight (about 1 pound every 2 weeks). The first few months of a baby’s life can be the most difficult for parents, who often get up at night to take care of their baby. Every baby has a different sleep pattern. Some start to “sleep through the night” (for 5-6 hours at a time) at 2-3 months of age, but others don’t.

Have you ever noticed how your infant’s tiny fingers interlock with yours or form fists? Or how your child flinches at a loud noise? These and other reflexes that your kid was born with will diminish after they reach the milestone of being between one and three months old. To determine whether a baby is developing as predicted, doctors look at milestones. Some babies acquire abilities sooner or later than others since there is a wide range of what is thought to be typical. Babies who were born too soon might catch up to milestones later. Discuss your baby’s development with your doctor at all times. How much will my 1 to 3-month-old grow? While all babies can grow at different rates, the following gives the average for boys and girls from 1 to 3 months of age: ·         Weight: Average gain of about 1.5 to 2 pounds per month ·        Height: average growth of about 1 inch per month ·        Head Size: average growth of about 0.5 inches per month Your baby may go through periods of increased hunger and excitement. This increase in hunger means that your baby is going through a period of rapid growth (a growth spurt). If you’re breastfeeding, you may find that at certain times of the day your baby wants to eat more frequently, and sometimes even every hour. This is called “cluster feeding”. Formula-fed infants may want to eat or drink more formula than usual during feedings. When your baby is 1 to 3 months old, learn the signs that tell you when your baby is hungry or when your baby is full. You’ll know your baby is hungry if he seems restless, cries a lot, sticks his tongue out, or sucks his hands and lips. You’ll know your baby is full when they lose interest in feeding or fall asleep at the end of a feeding session. Remember that babies’ tummies are very small and need to be burst open after feeding to release gases that can cause discomfort. During your 1- to 3-month check-ups, the doctor will measure your baby’s weight, length and head circumference and track their growth using a standardized growth chart. Note that there are different charts for boys and girls. Your baby may be large, small, or medium sized compared to the growth chart. As long as this growth pattern remains constant over time, your baby is probably developing well. If your baby is born prematurely, remember that growth and development should not be compared to that of a mature child. Premature babies need to be monitored more closely and may need to be weighed more frequently during the first few months to ensure they are growing properly. What can my 1 to 3-month-old baby do at this age? As your baby begins to grow, you will find new and exciting skills developing. Babies at this age begin to loosen the tight muscle tone of newborns and begin to stretch their arms and legs more. While babies can progress at different rates, the following are some of the most common milestones your baby may reach in this age group: ·         Some of the newborn protective reflexes begin to disappear ·        The neck muscles become stronger, the head wobbles and are then held upright ·        Turns head from side to side when placed on the stomach ·        Brings hands or objects to mouth ·        Look at the hands ·        Follows light, faces, objects ·        Stop noise ·        Opens and closes hands ·        Holds a rattle or other object, then drops it ·        Active leg movements At the end of the 3 months: ·         Elevates head and chest when placed on the stomach ·        Begins to grasp objects with hands, may smack hands at hanging objects What can my 1 to 3 month old baby say? It is very exciting for parents to see their babies grow into social beings who can interact with others. While each baby develops language at their own pace, the following are some of the most common milestones in this age group: Begins to imitate some sounds (coos, vowels) Screams become more purposeful and differ based on hunger, fatigue, and other needs What does my 1 to 3 month old baby understand? A baby’s understanding and awareness of the world around them increases during this time. While babies can progress at different rates, the following are some of the most common milestones in this age group: Knows familiar voices, especially from their parents Smile in response to others Responds to social contact, can coo Moves arms, legs, and body in rhythm with the voice of the other

Between 4-6 months of age, significant development occurs. That’s because the left and right sides of the brain are now “conversing,” as it were. Your infant may start to pass a toy from one hand to the other or rock back and forth while moving the arms and legs together in preparation for crawling. Babies are learning how to engage with their environment at this age. Your infant may cry, fidget, or squeak to seek your attention. Babies who are lying on their bellies may utilise their newly acquired power to lift up their arms to get a better view of the room. How much will my 4 to 6-month-old baby grow? While all babies can grow at different rates, the following shows the average for boys and girls aged 4 to 6 months: 1. Weight: Average gain of 1 to 1¼ pounds per month; after 4 to 5 months the birth weight has doubled2. Height: average growth of ½ to 1 inch per month3. Head Size: average growth of about ½ inch per month What can my baby do at this age? This age is very social and babies move much more purposefully. While babies can progress at different rates, the following are some of the most common milestones your baby may reach in this age group: 1. Grasping, more, root, and tonic neck reflexes (reflexes normally present in young infants) disappear2. Head well balanced3. Sits propped up, back is rounded4. Begins to support the body with legs when held standing5. Roll back to front and front to back by 6 months6. Moves object from one hand to the other7. Grips feet and toes when lying on back8. Makes “swimming” movements with arms and legs when placed on stomach9. Begins to drool (not always a sign of teething)10. Get one to three hours of sleep two to three times a day (on average)11. Begins to sleep longer at night (six to eight hours continuously)12. Has full-colour vision and is able to see at greater distances Why is touch important for development at 4 to 6 months of age? Babies learn about the world through touch. When you cuddle or kiss your baby, your baby learns that they are safe, secure and loved. The opportunities to train your baby’s sense of touch at this age are endless, even on a normal day. Your baby will enjoy toys and books with different textures. Let your baby safely explore the surroundings. See if your baby likes to touch the silky edge of a baby blanket or feel the texture of a rug. How long should my 4 to 6-month-old baby sleep? By this age, your baby should be well on his way to establishing a regular sleep pattern. Some infants, particularly those who are breastfed, may still wake up during the night, but most no longer need to be fed in the middle of the night. Most babies this age should sleep 12-16 hours a day, which includes longer nights of sleep and at least 2 naps a day, says the National Sleep Foundation. The average daytime sleep time today is around 3-4 hours. By 6 months, most babies sleep 9 hours or more at night, with brief awakenings.

Babies at this age have a fresh perspective on the universe. They discover that just because mom and dad aren’t around at a particular time doesn’t imply they don’t exist. Now that you’re gone more often, your infant might start to miss you. This may cause separation anxiety or discomfort upon your departure. This could appear negative, but it’s actually a very excellent thing that represents a significant shift in perspective. To make your kid feel loved and secure, reassure and comfort him or her. How much will my 7 to 9-month-old baby grow? While all babies can grow at different rates, the following gives the average for boys and girls aged 7 to 9 months: Weight: average gain of 0.5-1 lb per month; twice the birth weight by 4 to 5 months and triple the birth weight by 1 year Height: average growth of about ½ inch per month Head Size: average growth of about ¼ inch per month Babies’ growth begins to slow down as their first birthday approaches. Your doctor has measured your baby’s weight, length and head size (circumference) since birth and entered it into a growth chart. This is the first place to look if you have questions about your baby’s growth. When you look at the growth chart with the doctor, compare your baby’s growth to his own growth pattern, not to the growth of other babies. As long as your baby’s growth is stable, there is usually nothing to worry about. If you’re concerned about your baby’s weight or growth, talk to your doctor, who may ask: Was your baby sick? A few days without eating, especially when combined with vomiting, can result in weight loss. The weight will come back as your little one feels better. Is your baby on the way? Crawling, cruising, and walking burn calories, so weight gain may be less with this new mobility. Is your baby more interested in playing cuckoo or dropping the spoon on the floor than in eating? The world is a fascinating place and your baby is learning new things every day. Try not to distract your baby during mealtimes. Also, look out for signs that your child has eaten enough. Are you Introducing the right foods? As your baby becomes better at eating, pay more attention to the texture and type of food you serve. If your child isn’t interested in pureed baby food, try soft table foods and finger foods that are safe and fun. Is your baby still drinking enough breast milk or formula? The volume of liquid decreases as the volume of solid food increases. However, it is important that your baby drinks 20-28 ounces of breast milk or formula daily to have enough calories to grow. Can Babies Gain Too Much Weight? Some babies and toddlers are overweight. In these cases, the advice of the baby doctor can help, such as: Never skip feedings. Watch for signs your baby is full. Make sure your baby’s calories are from nutritious sources — like fruits, vegetables, and fortified cereals. Breast milk or formula should also be the main source of nutrition in the first year of life. Play with your baby and encourage physical activity. Make sure your child has a safe place to move around. Limit the time it spends in car seats, strollers, and playpens. One of the best things you can do for your baby is to eat well and be physically active. Your baby has a better chance of growing up a fit when good health habits are part of the family’s lifestyle. You’ll set a good example – and have the energy to keep up with your little one. What can my 7 to 9-month-old baby do at this age? Babies develop their physical skills quickly at this age. They are becoming mobile for the first time and security in the home is becoming an important issue. While babies can progress at different rates, the following are some of the most common milestones your baby may reach in this age group: Rolls easily front to back and back to front Sits bent forward on hands at first, then unsupported Jumps when supported to stand Gets on hands and feet and rocks back and forth Can crawl, slide, crawl – backwards first, then forwards (some babies skip crawling!) Begins to pull himself up to get up Grabs and grabs objects with the whole hand Slams toys on the table Can hold an item in each hand Can hold a bottle Plays cuckoo Grips objects with thumb and fingers after 8 to 9 months Begins teething, usually starting with the two central front teeth in the lower jaw, then the two central front teeth in the upper jaw Learn to drink from the cup Puts everything in his mouth Naps are usually twice, sometimes three times a day, for one to two hours each (on average) May wake up and cry during the night What can a 7 to 9-month-old baby say? It is very exciting for parents to see their babies grow into social beings who can interact with others. While each baby develops language at their own pace, the following are some of the most common milestones in this age group: Makes two-syllable sounds (ma-ma, da-da) Makes several different vowels, especially “o” and “u” Repeats sounds or noises made by others What can a 7 to 9-month-old baby understand? The baby’s awareness of people and the environment increases during this time. While babies can progress at different rates, the following are some of the most common milestones in this age group: Reacts to own name and “no” Pay attention to conversations Seems to understand some words (e.g. “eat”) Prefers mother to others Enjoys seeing yourself in the mirror Responds to changes in the emotions of others Is afraid of strangers Shows interest and aversion to food Makes attention-grabbing noises like coughing or snorting Begins to understand the permanence of objects and can uncover a toy after seeing it covered or watch a spoon fall off a high chair Can follow one-step commands with a demonstration sign (e.g., “Get the ball” while parents point to the ball) Can start learning basic sign language to communicate

Babies who are between 10 and 12 months old are learning a lot and displaying interest in their environment. Babies can now hold themselves with their hands and are starting to pull themselves to a standing posture during these exciting milestone months. Some infants may even begin to take a few independent steps. To determine whether a baby is developing as predicted, doctors look at specific milestones. Some babies develop their talents earlier or later than others since there is a wide range of what is regarded as normal. Premature babies frequently delay reaching developmental milestones. Always discuss your baby’s development with your doctor. How much will my 10-12-month-old baby grow? While all babies can grow at different rates, the following gives the average for boys and girls aged 10-12 months: Weight: Average gain of about 13 ounces per month, birth weight doubles at about 4 to 5 months and triples at a year Size: Average growth of just over ½ inch per month, with most infants growing 10 inches in their first year. Head Size: average growth of about ½ inch per month What can my 10 to 12-month-old baby do at this age? As your baby continues to grow, you will find new and exciting skills developing. While babies can progress at different rates, the following are some of the most common milestones your child may reach in this age group: Pulls himself into a standing position Can sit down from standing Cruises or walks clinging to furniture May stand next to furniture without holding on Can walk by holding onto your finger or hand Can begin to take steps and walk independently Plays ball by receiving and returning a rolled ball Can pick up food and small objects with fingers Can even feed finger food Drinks from a cup with a spout Can turn pages in a book, often several at a time Slams objects together Mimics doodle New teeth keep erupting; may have four to six teeth by the age of one year Takes two naps a day and can sleep up to 12 hours at night without food Wake up at night looking for the parents What can my 10-12-month-old baby say? Language development is very exciting for parents as they watch their babies grow into social creatures who can interact with others. While each baby develops language at their own pace, the following are some of the most common milestones in this age group: Say Da-Da and Ma-Ma and you know who these people are Mimics sounds and some speech Can say things like “Uh oh” Mimics animal sounds in response to questions (e.g., “What is the cow saying?”) Simple gesture (e.g. shaking head “No”) What does my 10 to 12-month-old baby understand? Babies at this age are much more aware of others and themselves. They are not sure yet if their parents will return after they leave. Some common milestones that children in this age group can achieve include: Recognizes familiar objects and pictures in books and can point to some objects when asked “Where is…?”. Follows a one-step command that requires the parent to show the child how to do it Has preferences for people and toys, and may have a favourite toy or blanket Is curious and wants to explore Moves to the music Intentionally drops items for others to pick up Points and gestures for objects and actions May begin to pretend simple activities such as cleaning or drinking from a cup How does my 10-12-month-old baby interact with others? Babies at this age have a better understanding of their relationship with others, e.g. B. when they are near or far, coming or going. Although every child’s personality is unique, some of your child’s common behavioural traits may include: Anxiety and fear of strangers; can cling and cling to parents; cries when the parents leave Waves goodbye Cries or shows emotion when “no” is said

After a baby’s first birthday, the growth rate begins to slow down. Your baby is now a toddler and very active. If your toddler can’t walk yet, they will soon. Hiking offers opportunities to explore previously inaccessible areas and to practice independence. What can a 1-year-old baby do at this age? As your baby continues to grow, you will find new and exciting skills developing. While babies can progress at different rates, the following are some of the most common milestones your baby may reach in this age group: Walks alone at 15 months, then starts running Can stop, crouch, and stand again Sits on a small stool or chair Climbs stairs while holding on Dances with music Plays with push-and-pull toys Can build towers out of blocks Throws a ball over the hand Put together two or three-piece puzzles Scribbles with chalk or pencil and can imitate drawing a straight line or circle Feeds mainly on the fingers Begins to spoon feed Drinks well from the cup Can assist with dressing and may be able to remove simple clothing (e.g. clothing without buttons or zippers) The first molars appear Take a nap in the afternoon Able to sleep 10 to 12 hours at night What can a 1-year-old baby say? Language development is very exciting for parents as they watch their babies grow into social beings who can interact with others. While each baby develops language at their own pace, the following are some of the most common milestones in this age group: Mimics animal sounds and noises By the age of one year, he will be able to say four to six simple words At 18 months you say 10 to 15 words At 18 to 24 months, uses simple phrases or two-word phrases (e.g., “Mommy up”) By age 2, says 100 or more words Asks “What is…?” Uses negative expressions like “don’t want anything” What does a 1-year-old baby understand? Around 18 months, children begin to understand symbols – the relationship between objects and their meaning. While children may progress at different rates, the following are some of the common milestones that children in this age group can achieve: Wave goodbye and play Pat-a-cake At 18 months, he understands simple questions and commands like “Where’s the ball?” At 24 months, he understands two-step questions and commands like “Go to your room and get your shoes.” Understands object permanence (a hidden object is still there) Understands the cause-and-effect relationship better Likes exploring drawers and boxes to see what’s inside Mock play increases (i.e. can imitate housework or feed a doll) Recognizes one’s own face in the mirror Can point to body parts (e.g. nose, hair, eyes) when prompted Begins to understand the use of certain objects (e.g. the broom is used to sweep the floor) Can ask for parental help by pointing Sensory development of the 1-year-old baby: touch Your baby will either crawl or walk to explore their newfound freedom. While it’s important for them to experience different textures and finishes in your home, make sure there aren’t any dangerous objects that can injure them. Beware of small objects they could choke on as they are at a stage of putting objects in their mouths. Once these safety precautions are in place, let your 1-year-old walk around and feel different objects. You can let your baby feel the blur of a ceiling or a rough concrete surface. Let them mash different foods like blueberries in their hands and discover which items feel the same or have different textures. What can my 1-year-old baby taste and smell? By the age of 1 year, your baby will be experimenting with different foods and developing food preferences. The best way to expand their food range is to keep feeding them new foods with different tastes and smells. You may not eat it or may not like it at first, but keep trying. It can take several attempts for a baby to like a new food. Encourage your baby to explore the surroundings and experience different scents such as cute flowers and rain. How does a 1-year-old baby interact with others? When children start walking, they may show independence and try to distance themselves further from their parents. Separation anxiety and fear of strangers may subside and then return after about 18 months. While every child is unique and will develop different personalities, the following behavioural traits that may be present in your child are common: Plays alongside others without interaction called parallel play May begin to cling to parents around 18 months May begin to say “no” to commands or needs more often May have outbursts of anger May use a blanket or stuffed animal as a security object in place of the parent

During their second year of life, children change from newborns to toddlers. They become more self-reliant in daily tasks like getting dressed and taking off their clothes. They make significant progress in communicating, and throughout the course of the first six months, their vocabulary grows gradually before exploding in the second six months. Most two-year-olds can now construct simple phrases of two words. To determine whether a toddler is developing as predicted, doctors look at specific milestones. Some children acquire abilities earlier or later than others since there is a wide range of what is regarded as standard. Premature toddlers catch up to milestones later. Always discuss your child’s development with your doctor. How much will my 2-year-old grow? After a child’s second birthday, the growth rate slows further. Two-year-olds are very active and are beginning to lose baby looks. While all children can grow at different rates, the following shows the average for 2-year-old boys and girls: Weight: Average gain of about 4 to 6 pounds per year Height: average growth of about 2 to 3 inches per year What can my 2-year-old child do at this age? As your child grows, you will find new and exciting skills developing. While children can progress at different rates, the following are some of the most common milestones your child may reach in this age group: Goes and runs fine Can jump awkwardly Start throwing, kicking and catching balls Can stand on one leg for a short time Climbs playground structures Turns doorknobs and lids Starts riding a tricycle Builds towers of 10 blocks at age 3 All 20 teeth appear by the age of 3 years The appetite decreases sharply Has developed right or left-handedness by the age of 3 years Turns pages in a book, one at a time Has good thumb and finger control Can drink through a straw Begins to have bladder and bowel control Can still take a nap in the afternoon Able to sleep 10 to 12 hours at night What can my 2-year-old say? Language development is very exciting for parents as they watch their children grow into social beings who can interact with others. Speech becomes clearer at this age and the child begins to form sentences. While each child develops language at their own pace, the following are some of the common milestones in this age group: It says about 200 to 300 words Starts putting three words together (subject, verb, object), e.g. B. “I want a ball” Names images Can name some body parts What does my 2-year-old understand? While children may progress at different rates, the following are some of the common milestones that children in this age group can achieve: Understands possession, “mine” Can say his own age and name Knows if he or she is a boy or a girl Counts up to three objects Can start solving problems How does my 2-year-old interact with others? While every child is unique and will develop different personalities, the following behavioural traits that may be present in your child are common: Shows independence from parents Continues to play alongside others without interacting, known as parallel play Acts as if other children are objects or toys Doesn’t understand sharing Is negative and often says “no”. Anger outbursts can last Helps with dressing and undressing Movement and coordination in a 2-year-old As a child’s mobility improves, so does their ability to examine things they couldn’t before. Take another look around your home from a child’s perspective and update parental controls to protect your child as their skills advance. How is my child moving? Around 6 months after taking their first steps, toddlers develop a more mature gait: they can keep their hands at their sides (rather than forward for balance) and move with their feet closer together. They also tend to move their feet in a way that makes them look more like walking—from heel to toe. During those months of practice, most toddlers spill a few squirts, but that’s part of learning to walk. You can’t protect your child from every fall, but you can reduce the risk of injury by keeping exploring safe areas away from sharp furniture corners and other hazards. How can I support my child? Give your child plenty to do and see. Go for walks in your yard and neighbourhood, or visit a local playground. At home, you can build an obstacle course out of pillows or boxes and encourage your child to run, climb and crawl. Buy some balls to kick and throw. Experts recommend toddlers: Get at least 30 minutes of structured (adult-led) physical activity daily, such as B. playing on the playground, going for a walk or taking part in a parent-child tumbling course Get at least 1 hour of unstructured free play every day where they can explore and play with toys Being inactive for no more than 1 hour at a time, except when sleeping Have indoor and outdoor spaces that meet or exceed recommended safety standards for all of their activities As their physical skills develop, toddlers also learn to use their hands more. There are many toys and craft supplies that can help your 2-year-old in this area. Some include: Paper and coloured pencils Shape dough Stack toys that kids can build and knock over Simple puzzles How long should my 2-year-old sleep? Toddlers have a growing imagination and become more aware of their surroundings. This can start to disrupt their sleep. A 2-year-old child needs about 10-12 hours of sleep at night and 1-4 hours of naps during the day. This can include 1 or 2 naps a day and will vary depending on how your toddler behaves on both naps. For example, if they’re fighting off morning naps, they might just be ready for an afternoon nap.

Doctors employ specific milestones to determine whether your child is developing as anticipated in order to better understand your 3-year-development. Old Some children acquire abilities earlier or later than others since there is a wide range of what is regarded as standard. Premature toddlers may catch up to milestones later. Always discuss your child’s development with your doctor. At this age, kids like playing pretend games. But occasionally, their imaginations can take children for a ride and even frighten them. When your child expresses anxiety, pay attention to it and be there to soothe and reaffirm him or her. This article will go over a variety of other 3-year-old developmental areas and milestones. How much will my 3-year-old grow? At 3-year-olds, growth is still slow compared to the first year. Most children have slimmed down and lost the round belly of a toddler. While all children can grow at different rates, the following figures give the average for 3-year-old boys and girls: Weight: Average gain of about 4 to 6 pounds per year Height: average growth of about 2 to 3 inches per year After the age of 2, children of the same age can vary noticeably in height and weight. Although children come in all shapes and sizes, a healthy toddler should continue to grow at a steady pace. The doctor measures and weighs your child during routine check-ups and records the results on a growth chart. This allows the doctor to track your child’s growth over time and spot any trends that need attention. As long as your child maintains his own growth rate, there is nothing to worry about. If you have any concerns, we recommend that you speak to your child’s paediatrician. Help children grow Normal growth – aided by good nutrition, plenty of sleep and regular exercise – is one of the best overall indicators of a child’s health. Your toddler's appetite can now vary widely, which is common. It’s also common for some toddlers to get stuck on a food item. Food “spikes” don’t usually last longer if you don’t give in to them. Keep offering a variety of nutritious foods and letting your child choose which and how much to eat to build healthy eating habits. Your child's growth pattern Is largely determined by genetics. Urging children to eat extra food or more than recommended amounts of vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients will not increase their weight. Malnutrition severe enough to impair growth rate is uncommon today in the United States and other developed countries unless a child also has a related chronic disease or disorder. What can my 3-year-old child do at this age? As your child grows, you will find new and exciting skills developing. While children can progress at different rates, the following are some of the most common milestones your child may reach in this age group: Runs and jumps easily Go up the stairs unassisted Rides a tricycle Washes and dries hands Stacks 10 blocks Easily draws straight lines and copies a circle Can stand on tiptoe Use the spoon well and feed yourself Dress and undress except for buttons and lace Can focus on tasks for eight to nine minutes Has all 20 milk teeth Vision is approaching 20/20 Bladder and bowel control are normally established; uses a potty chair or toilet Able to sleep a total of 11 to 13 hours, still able to take a short afternoon nap What can my 3-year-old say? Language development is very exciting as you watch your child begin to speak clearly and interact with others. While each child develops language at their own pace, the following are some of the common milestones in this age group: Should be able to say around 500 to 900 words by the age of 3 to 4 years Language can be understood by others Speaks in two or three-word sentences and progresses to four to five word sentences Can remember simple rhymes or lyrics Use of “please” and “thank you” Refers to itself using its own name Name colors What does my 3-year-old understand? While children can progress at different rates, the following are some of the most common milestones your child may reach in this age group: Understands differences in size (e.g. large and small) Understands the past tense (yesterday) Understands long sentences Understands prepositions (on, under, behind) Uses pronouns correctly (e.g. I, you, he and I) Constantly asking “why”. Counts up to four objects aged 4 years Says full name and age May be afraid of certain things (e.g. darkness, monsters under the bed, and walking down the drain) Try to solve problems Remembers specific events Can point to the correct picture when asked a simple question about it How does my 3-year-old child interact with others? While every child is unique and will develop different personalities, the following behavioural traits that may be present in your child are common: Begins to share and enjoys playing with other children Can take turns Outbursts of anger are less common Begins to show feelings in socially acceptable ways

Your child’s gross motor skills (using their arms and legs to move about and play) and fine motor skills (working on crafts and puzzles) are still growing between the ages of 4 and 5. Playtime helps kids develop their imaginations and is crucial to their development. To determine whether a kid is developing as predicted, doctors look at particular milestones. Some children acquire abilities sooner or later than others since there is a wide range of what is regarded as standard. Premature infants experience delayed developmental milestones. Always discuss your child’s progress with your doctor, especially if there are any concerns. What can my 4-5-year-old child do at this age? As your child continues to grow, you will notice new and exciting skills as your child develops. While children may progress at different rates, the following are some of the common milestones that children in this age group can achieve: 4-Year-Old Kids: To sing songs Jump and hop on one leg Catch and throw a ball with your hands Go down alone Draw a person with three separate body parts Build a block tower with 10 blocks Understand the difference between fantasy and reality Draw a circle and a square To get dressed Can close large buttons without assistance Pull up a zipper after it’s closed 5-year-old Kids: Skipping rope Walk backwards Balance on one leg for at least 5 seconds Use scissors Learn how to tie shoes Draw a triangle and a rhombus Draw a person with six body parts Know your address and phone number Recognize and recite the alphabet Write first names Start helping with household chores Start losing their baby teeth What can my 4-5-year-old child say? Language development in children is very exciting for parents as they watch their children grow into social beings who can interact with others. At this age, a child can usually understand that letters and numbers are symbols of real things and ideas and that they can be used to tell stories and offer information. Most know the names and genders of family members and other personal information. They often play with words and make up silly words and stories. The vocabulary of 4 and 5-year-olds is between 1,000 and 2,000 words. Speech at this age should be fully intelligible, although there may be some developmental phonetic defects and stuttering, particularly in boys. While each child develops language at their own pace, the following are some of the common milestones that children in this age group can achieve: 4-year-olds kids: Can put four to five words together in a sentence Will keep asking questions May know one colour or more Likes to tell stories Can use some “bad” words (if he or she has heard them repeatedly) 5-year-old kids: Can combine six to eight words into a sentence Can know four or more colours Knows the days of the week and months Can name coins and money Can understand multi-statement commands Speaks frequently What does my 4-5 year old child understand? As a child’s vocabulary increases, so do their understanding and awareness of the world around them. Children at this age begin to understand concepts and can compare abstract ideas. While children may progress at different rates, the following are some of the common milestones that children in this age group can achieve: 4 year old kids: Begins to understand the time Begins to become less aware of just yourself and more aware of those around you Able to obey parents’ rules, but cannot tell right from wrong Believes that his own thoughts can make things happen 5 year old kids: Improved understanding of time Curious about real facts about the world Can compare parents’ rules to friends’ rules How active should my child be at this age? Children at this age are learning to hop, hop and leap forward. They are eager to show how they can balance on one leg, catch a ball or do a somersault. Preschool and kindergarten children can also enjoy swimming, playing in a playground, dancing and riding tricycles or bicycles with training wheels. Physical activity guidelines recommend that preschoolers and kindergarten teachers do the following: Be physically active throughout the day Move and engage in both active play and structured (adult-led) physical activity Engage in activities like jumping, hopping, and tumbling to strengthen bones and muscles Should my 4-5 year old child play sports? Many parents are looking for organized sports to keep 4 and 5-year-olds active. The average preschooler fails to master the basics of throwing, catching, and taking turns. Even simple rules can be difficult for them to grasp, as any parent who has watched their child run the wrong way during a game knows. Starting too young can also be frustrating for children and discourage future participation in sports. If you decide to register your child for soccer or any other team sport, be sure to choose a league that is appropriate for their age and developmental level. A peewee league that focuses on fun and learning the basics could be great for a preschooler.

You can anticipate many changes in children as they mature from elementary school students to preteens, from their physical characteristics to their preferred pastimes. Children between the ages of 6 and 12 start to value friendships and get more active in extracurricular activities like athletics and/or art. To determine whether a kid is developing as predicted, doctors look at specific milestones. Some children acquire abilities earlier or later than others since there is a wide range of what is regarded as usual. Premature babies develop later and reach milestones later. Always discuss your child’s development with your doctor. What is my child capable of doing between the ages of 6 and 12? You will see your youngster develop brand-new, fascinating skills as they continue to grow. Wellness and fitness  Children this age need physical activity to build strength, coordination and confidence – and to lay the foundation for a healthy lifestyle. They also gain more control over how active they are. Children who enjoy sports and exercise tend to remain active throughout their lives. Staying fit can improve children’s school performance, boost self-esteem, prevent obesity and reduce the risk of serious diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease later in life. What is “normal” physical growth for a 6-12-year-old child? For 6 to 12-year-olds, there is still a wide range from “normal” in terms of height, weight and shape. Children tend to grow at a steady pace, growing about 6 to 7 centimetres each year. When it comes to weight, children gain about 4-7 pounds. (2–3 kg) per year until the onset of puberty. This is also a time when children begin to develop feelings about how they look and how they are growing. Some girls may worry about being “too tall,” especially those who are developing early. Boys tend to be touchy when they are too small. Try to teach your child that what matters is not “looking” a certain way, but being healthy. Children cannot change the genes that determine how tall they grow or when puberty begins. But they can reach their full potential by developing healthy eating habits and being physically active. Your doctor will take measurements at regular check-ups and plot your child’s results on a standard growth chart to track them over time and compare them to other children of the same age and sex. How can I support my child to grow? Normal growth – aided by good nutrition, adequate sleep and regular exercise – is one of the best overall indicators of a child’s health. Your child’s growth pattern is largely determined by genetics. If you push kids to eat more or get more vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients, they won’t grow taller which can lead to weight problems. Accepting children for who they are helping them build self-acceptance. Good mental health is important for healthy development, strong relationships, and resilience How active should my 6-12-year-old be? School-age children should have many opportunities to engage in a variety of activities, sports and games that suit their personality, ability, age and interests. Through physical activity, children learn about athleticism, goal setting, overcoming challenges, teamwork, and the value of practice. Physical activity guidelines for school-age children recommend that they get at least 1 hour of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity every day. Additionally: Most of the physical activity should be aerobic, where children use large muscles and keep going for a while. Examples of aerobic activities are running, swimming and dancing. School-age children typically have brief bouts of moderate to vigorous physical activity alternating with light activity or rest throughout the day. Any moderate to vigorous activity counts towards the 60-minute goal. Muscle-strengthening and bone-strengthening physical activity should be included at least 3 days per week. Children naturally build strong muscles and bones as they run, jump and play. Formal weight programs are not required. However, they are safe if properly designed and monitored. Should my child play sports? Consider your child’s age and developmental level, natural abilities, and interests. Children aged 6 to 8 sharpen basic physical skills such as jumping, throwing, kicking and catching. Some like to do this in organized sports teams, but non-competitive leagues are best for younger kids. Children aged 9 to 12 refine, improve and coordinate their skills. Some become even more involved in a sport, while others drop out as the competition heats up and the level of play improves. Regardless of age or activity, it’s important to show your support by coaching your child’s team or cheering from the stands on match days. It's okay If a child isn’t interested in traditional sports, but it’s important to find alternative ways to be active. Brainstorm activities with your kids that feel right to them. Encourage a child who doesn’t like soccer, basketball, or other team sports to explore other active options like karate, fencing, golf, biking, skateboarding, and tennis. Most kids don’t mind physical activity as long as they have fun.

Teenagers going through puberty will experience a variety of physical changes as well as advancements in their social and emotional development. Kids have growth spurts associated with puberty at a variety of ages: The average age at which girls begin their sexual development is 12, and between the ages of 10 and 14, they have a growth spurt. Most guys begin to develop sexually between the ages of 10 and 13 and continue to do so until they are about 16 years old. What Will My Adolescent’s Growth Be Like? Adolescence is another name for the adolescent years. Growth spurts and changes connected to puberty occur during the adolescent years. An adolescent may gain several inches in a few months, and then experience very slow development for a while before experiencing another growth spurt. Puberty-related changes (sexual maturation) may happen gradually or show numerous indications at once. These maturational indicators appear for some youngsters earlier or later than for others. What Alterations Take Place During Puberty? Hormonal changes during puberty are the cause of sexual maturity and other bodily changes. It might be challenging to predict the exact timing of puberty in guys. There are changes, but they frequently take place gradually rather than all at once. Girls experience puberty as a series of events. Every girl is different and may go through these changes differently. Below are the average ages at which pubertal changes can occur: The onset of puberty: 8 to 13 years First pubertal change: breast development Pubic hair development: just after breast development Armpit hair: 12 years old Menstrual periods: average 12 years old; Normal range is 10 to 15 years old Boys also experience puberty as a series of events that typically begin later than girls. While every male adolescent is different, the following are the average ages at which pubertal changes can occur: The onset of puberty: 9 to 14 years old First pubertal change: enlargement of the testicles Penis Enlargement: About a year after the testicles start to enlarge Pubic hair development: 13.5 years old Nocturnal Emissions (or “Wet Dreams”): 14 years old Facial and armpit hair, voice changes and acne: 15 years old What does my youngster understand? The teenage years bring many changes, not only physically but also mentally and socially. During these years, adolescents improve their ability to think abstractly and eventually make plans and set long-term goals. Each child can progress at different rates and have a different perspective on the world. In general, the following skills are some of the skills that may be evident in your youngster: Think more abstractly Deals with philosophy, politics and social issues Think long term Set goals Compares himself to his peers As your youngster begins to seek independence and control, many changes can occur. The following are some issues that may arise during adolescence: Development of independence from parents Peer influence and acceptance become important Romantic or sexual relationships become important May show long-term commitment to the relationship How to communicate with a teenager Teenagers communicate much like adults, with increasing maturity during high school. As teenagers seek independence from family and establish their own identities, they begin to think abstractly and engage with moral issues. All of this shapes the way they think and communicate. During this time, teenagers spend much of the day outside the home – at school or on extracurricular activities or jobs with their friends. But it’s important that you try to talk to your teen every day to share opinions, ideas, and information. Here are a few tips to help you communicate with your teen: Make time during the day or evening to catch up on your teen’s activities. Make sure he or she knows you are actively interested and listening carefully. Remember to talk to your teen, not just him. Ask questions that go beyond “yes” or “no” answers to encourage a more developed conversation. Use the time during car journeys to talk to your teen. Make time for sporting and school events, play games, and talk about current events. Language development in adolescents Adolescents should be able to grasp word meanings and context, understand punctuation and form complex syntactic structures (how words are put together). However, communication is more than using and understanding words – it also involves how teenagers think about themselves, their peers and authority figures. Explanations can become more figurative and less literal. Young people will also understand abstract and figurative language such as similes, metaphors and idioms. How can I help my youth develop socially? Consider the following ways to develop your youngster’s social skills: Encourage your youth to take on new challenges. Talk to your youth about not losing sight of each other in group relationships. Encourage your teen to talk to a trusted adult about a problem or concern, even if they don’t want to talk to you. Discuss ways to deal with and manage stress. Provide consistent, loving discipline with appropriate boundaries, limitations, and rewards. Find ways to spend time together. Fitness for teenagers from 13 to 18 years As children enter their teenage years, they may lose interest in physical activity. Between school, homework, friends, and even part-time jobs, they juggle many interests and responsibilities. But regular physical activity can help your teen feel more energetic, improve focus and attention, and promote a better outlook. Regular physical activity can also help your teen maintain a healthy weight and prevent heart disease, diabetes, and other medical problems that may arise later in life. Teenage fitness Physical activity guidelines for teens recommend that they get at least 1 hour of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day. Additionally: Most physical activity should be aerobic, engaging large muscles and lasting for a period of time. Examples of aerobic activities are running, swimming and dancing. Any moderate to vigorous activity counts towards the 60-minute goal. Teens can be active in sports and structured exercise programs that include muscle and bone strengthening activities. If your teen is interested in strength training, it should be done under the supervision of a qualified adult. Motivate young people to be active Parents should give teens control over how they choose to be physically active. Emphasize that that’s not what they do – they just have to be active. Given the opportunity and interest, teens can reap health benefits from almost any activity they enjoy — skateboarding, touch soccer, yoga, swimming, or dancing. All teenagers should limit the time they spend in sedentary activities such as watching TV, playing video games, and using computers, smartphones, or tablets. Motivating teens to swap sedentary activities for physical activity can be the hardest part. However, once teenagers begin physical activity, many enjoy the sense of well-being, reduced stress, and increased strength and energy that exercise gives them. As a result, some begin exercising regularly without prodding from a parent. Help your teen stay active by finding an exercise plan that fits their schedule. They may not have time to play a team sport at school or in a local league, but most teens can incorporate physical activity into daily life, such as going to school, doing chores, or finding an active part-time job.

Here are some simple things you can do to help your child’s development at this age: Build your child’s self-esteem and self-confidence by recognising their strengths. Sometimes children’s self-esteem goes down in the primary school years as they become more self-critical and compare themselves with others. Let your child see you trying new things and making mistakes. This helps your child understand that learning and improving involve making mistakes, but the key thing is to never give up and to be kind to yourself. Give your child opportunities to explore and learn, inside and outside. Inside they can experiment with things like cups, thermometers, magnifying glasses and jars for storing things. Outside you could explore your local park or nature reserve together. Set aside some time for free play. Playing is still very important at this age. Let your child choose how they want to spend free playtime. Your child might want to go outside and throw a ball, jump rope or stay indoors and draw. Read with your child. Reading is still very important for literacy development. As your child learns to read, try having your child read to you. You can also try literacy activities like telling stories or making your own book. Encourage your child to be aware of the consequences of behaviour and see things from other people’s points of view. You can do this by asking questions like, ‘How do you think Jane feels when you do that?’ Share ideas and discuss important issues with your child. This helps you connect with your child and shows that you’re interested in their ideas. As your child gets older, allow them to join in family decision-making where appropriate. Parenting a school-age child As a parent, you’re always learning. It’s OK to feel confident about what you know. And it’s also OK to admit you don’t know something and ask questions or get help. When you’re focusing on looking after a child, you might forget or run out of time to look after yourself. But looking after yourself physically, mentally and emotionally helps your child grow and thrive. Sometimes you might feel frustrated, upset or overwhelmed. It’s OK to take some time out until you feel calmer. Put your child in a safe place, or ask someone else to look after your child for a while. Try going to another room to breathe deeply or call a family member or friend to talk things through. Never shake, hit or verbally abuse a child. You risk harming your child, even if you don’t mean to When to be concerned about child development at 6-8 years See your GP if you have any concerns or notice that your child has any of the following issues at 6-8 years. Communication and understanding Has a stutter or lisp when talking Has difficulty following instructions. Behaviour and play Finds it hard to make friends Can’t skip, hop or jump Has trouble sitting still for a long time Is aggressive with other children Seems to be afraid of going to school, or refuses to go to school. Everyday skills Can’t get dressed or undressed independently Experiences daytime wetting or soiling Still has regular night-time wetting at 8 years. You should see a child health professional if at any age your child experiences a noticeable and consistent loss of skills.

The teenage years are additionally referred to as adolescence. Adolescence is a time for increased spurts and puberty changes. An adolescent can moreover strengthen fairly a few inches in infinite months accompanied through the way of skill of a length of very slow growth, then have each other growth spurt. Changes with puberty (sexual maturation) may additionally moreover show up gradually or a number of signs and symptoms can additionally emerge as considered at an equal time. There is an extraordinarily acceptable volume of variants in the cost of modifications that can also additionally moreover happen. Some younger adults can additionally experience these symptoms of maturity faster or later than others. What changes will take vicinity all through puberty? Sexual and different bodily maturation that takes vicinity all via puberty is a give-up result of hormonal changes. In boys, it is difficult to know precisely when puberty is coming. There are adjustments that happen, on the other hand, they happen step by step and over a duration of time, as a choice than as a single event. While each male adolescent is different, the following are generally a long time when puberty adjustments may additionally happen: Beginning of puberty: 9.5 to 14 years old First pubertal change: increase of the testicles Penis enlargement: starts about 1 12 months after the testicles begin enlarging The appearance of pubic hair: 13.5 years old Nocturnal emissions (or “wet dreams”): 14 years old Hair beneath the hands and on the face, voice change, and acne: 15 years old Girls additionally day out puberty as a sequence of events, on the different hand their pubertal modifications normally begin previously than boys of equal age. Each female is one-of-a-kind and would possibly moreover development via these changes differently. The following are average while when puberty changes might additionally happen: Beginning of puberty: eight to thirteen years First pubertal change: breast development Pubic hair development: hastily after breast development Hair under the arms: 12 years old Menstrual periods: 10 to 16.5 years old

Understanding the Adolescent Issues Faced by Teenage Girls Most people believe that adolescence is the best time of one’s life because it is filled with joy, freedom, and excitement. This glorious era, however, is not without its challenges. For example, you may notice that your daughter is suddenly dealing with a slew of teenage girl issues, such as bodily changes, their first menstrual period, and emotional quandaries. The teenage years are fraught with uncertainty because minor issues can appear to be major ones. As a parent, you should support and assist your daughter in dealing with these adolescent issues. Common Teenage Girl Issues and Their Solutions Continue reading to learn about the various issues your daughter may be dealing with and how you can help her deal with them. Appearance and Body Image Issues This is most likely the number one issue on every teenage girl’s problem list. It is estimated that 30.4% of all teenagers have body image issues. This is the period in her life when her body is constantly changing and she must adjust to it. To top it all off, she is constantly seeing and hearing about these figure-perfect bodies. Media and peer pressure also have a negative impact. Some of the factors that influence your child’s body image are family environment, ability, disability, pee attitude, and cultural background. Academic Pressure and Performance Anxiety This is a time when your adolescent girl must constantly prove her worth by scoring high, performing well in exams, and excelling in other academic areas. This puts a lot of pressure on the young girl, causing stress and undue pressure. Romantic Relationships and Sex Education Teenage life is fraught with problems and challenges. A sudden increase in the flow of sex hormones inside the body aggravates the situation. Your girl may fall for her first crush and become vulnerable to romantic liaisons. Many teenage girls have healthy crushes and early-age love. However, peer pressure, changing times, and the advancement of media have all contributed to the association of sex with such adolescent romantic relationships. This gives your adolescent girl the impression that sex is natural in romantic relationships even at a young age. Also, because this is a very confusing time for her, you must explain to her the importance of taking the necessary precautions and engaging in safe sex. Bullying and Its Impact on Personality One of the other major issues that teenage girls face is bullying. Bullying is a major issue for approximately 55% of all teenagers. Cyberbullying was reported by approximately 16% of school students in the United States. This begins to have an effect on their personality and behaviour. Your adolescent daughter may also be depressed and act strangely by keeping to herself. Changes in Friendship Dynamics Being a teen makes every relationship appear complicated. Even the most beautiful bond of friendship frequently encounters shaky ground. This is because your adolescent is developing social skills. Your daughter may be fond of her best friend one minute and pick an ugly fight the next. Aggression and mood swings may result.